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STANDARD SETS. "In vertebrates the most widespread situation is that a pair of sex chromosomes differs in males and females. Either females can be XX and produce only one type of gamete, being the “homogametic” sex, and then males are XY and thus heterogametic, like most mammals; or if females are heterogametic (in analogy: ZW), then males have two copies of the same sex chromosome and are ZZ, like in birds." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/34/10575.full View in LinkedIn

GREAT DIVERSITY. "Sex determination shows a great diversity of mechanisms, ranging from temperature and other environmental cues to strict chromosomal control over this process. In the case of genetic sex determination, this variability is linked to a similarly high variation of sex chromosome differentiation." https://lnkd.in/gmexnVU View in LinkedIn

Europe must act to protect the rights and freedoms of Catalans View in LinkedIn

"SEX CHROMOSOMES ensure the stable segregation of sexual phenotypes by preventing the recombination of sex determining genes. Despite continuous efforts, sex determining genes of dioecious plants have not yet been cloned." https://lnkd.in/g2Bsw9g View in LinkedIn

“SEX is a universal feature of eukaryotic organisms, yet tremendous variation in sex determination mechanisms exists even among closely related species, or among individuals within a species." https://lnkd.in/dX2rADH View in LinkedIn

‘A MIND-BLOWING diversity of sex-determining mechanisms exists among eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/dX2rADH View in LinkedIn

MORPHOGENESIS. “Most morphogenic events in flowering plants occur in the postembryonic sporophyte after seed germination.” http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2885440.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents View in LinkedIn

DIPLOID SPOROPHYTE. “By contrast, the diploid, or sporophytic, generation begins after fertilization with the zygote and forms the mature plant with vegetative organs (leaf, stem, root) and flowers that contain the reproductive organs (anther and pistil).” http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2885440.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents View in LinkedIn

HAPLOID GAMETOPHYTE. “The haploid, or gametophytic generation, begins after meiosis with spores that undergo mitosis and differentiate into either a pollen grain (male gametophyte) or an embryo sac (female gametophyte). The male and female gametophytes are derived from specialized spore-forming cells within the reproductive organs of the flower.” http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2885440.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS. “The flowering plant life cycle is divided into haploid and diploid generations that are dependent on each other.” https://lnkd.in/g_k-4-g View in LinkedIn