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OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS. “In plants, the juvenile and adult phases of vegetative development can be distinguished by leaf morphology, and the reproductive phase of development can be distinguished by the production of flowers.” https://lnkd.in/gsVFbSB View in LinkedIn

“THE SHOOT APEX of higher plants passes through three more or less distinct phases during its postembryonic development: a juvenile vegetative phase, an adult vegetative phase, and a reproductive phase.” http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2878230.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents View in LinkedIn

CRITICAL DIFFERENCE. “All organisms pass through a series of distinct developmental phases during their growth. In higher animals, each phase represents a different episode in the life of a single organism. In higher plants, on the other hand, these developmental phases are episodes in the life of a part of an organism, the shoot apex.” https://lnkd.in/gX3MGs5 View in LinkedIn

LATER ORGAN ELABORATION. “During postembryonic development, the two primary meristems give rise to the elaborate structures of the adult plant.” https://lnkd.in/g8uRjQh View in LinkedIn

BODY PLAN. “Embryogenesis is a critical stage of the sporophytic life cycle during which the basic body plan of the plant is established.” https://lnkd.in/gNvKWa8 View in LinkedIn

EGG TO SEEDLING. “Embryogenesis effects the transition from the fertilized egg to the new multicellular generation, the seedling, which displays the basic body plan and organization of the plant.” https://lnkd.in/g8uRjQh View in LinkedIn

SEPARATE EVOLUTION. "Plant or animal sex chromosomes that evolved recently from any of these ancestral states should contain a region with a cluster of sex-determining genes that are closely enough linked to allow separate sexes to evolve." https://lnkd.in/gCh5RAX View in LinkedIn

PLANT STATUS. "The most common ancestral state in plants is probably hermaphroditism, although dioecy can also evolve from monoecy (with developmentally well differentiated male and female flowers already having evolved)." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

MORPHOLOGY. "Studies of a wide diversity of animal and plant species have found differing degrees of genetic and structural differentiation between the two sex chromosomes." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

GENE EROSION. "The permanent heterozygosity of evolving Y or W chromosomes clearly favours the erosion of genes on these chromosomes, since the active counterparts on the X or Z chromosomes can maintain their functions, especially if dosage compensation evolves." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn