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HETEROMORPHIC IDENTITY. "Restriction of recombination across the entire length of the sex chromosomes and continuous gene decay on the Y results in heteromorphism between the X and Y (or Z and W)." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn

HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSMISSION. “The spreading of antibiotic resistance genes is another example of the vital importance of the microbial context, as pathogens may be able to acquire resistance phenotypes from environmental reservoirs.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

DIVERGENCE OF THE SEXES. "Loss of recombination between the sex chromosomes allows the proto-X and proto-Y (or proto-Z and proto-W) to evolve independently, and also sets the stage for the population processes causing degeneration of the nonrecombining sex chromosome." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn

THE MELIEU MATTERS. “Similarly, the microbiota contribution toward promoting infection and spread of enteric viruses is receiving more attention. In the future, understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens (=pathobiome) and the host might provide new insights into the pathogenesis, as well as novel avenues for preventing and treating intestinal and systemic disorders.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

David Attenborough urges action on plastics after filming Blue Planet II https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/oct/15/david-attenborough-urges-immediate-action-on-plastics-blue-planet?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

SEX BIAS. "If a sexually antagonistic mutation arises in the population on the recombining, nondifferentiated part of a protosex chromosome, selection for increased linkage of the sexually antagonistic allele to the sex determination locus can cause this mutation to be transmitted more often through the sex it benefits." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn

GENETIC SEX WAR. "The evolutionary fuel driving the loss of recombination between nascent sex chromosomes is provided by sexually antagonistic mutations, that is, mutations that benefit one sex but are harmful to the other." Mull on that one. http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn

THE VAST UNKNOWN. "Recombination suppression and differentiation are generally viewed as the default path of sex chromosome evolution, and the occurrence of old, homomorphic sex chromosomes, such as those of ratite birds, has remained a mystery." https://lnkd.in/g9djQYs View in LinkedIn

ANTI-RECOMBINATION DRIVES SEX CHROMOSOMES. "The accumulation of sexually antagonistic mutations on protosex chromosomes selects for a loss of recombination and sets in motion the evolutionary processes generating heteromorphic sex chromosomes." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn

TRANSFORMATION. "Sex chromosomes originate from autosomes." https://lnkd.in/g9djQYs View in LinkedIn