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GLOBALIZATION AND CROSSING. “The current predominantly poultry-associated clones have most probably emerged after a human-to-poultry host jump, estimated to have occurred ~50 years ago, and which rapidly disseminated worldwide thanks to the globalization of the poultry industry.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

BARRIER TO SELF-POLLINATION. "Dioecy prevents intra-individual self-pollination absolutely, while monoecy merely prevents intra-flower self-pollination but not intra-individual self-pollination." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

CROSSING EXAMPLE. “S. aureus transmission from human to bovine hosts was thought to have occurred ~5500 years ago, during the Neolithic revolution and the expansion of agriculture throughout the Old World.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

"DIOECIOUS PLANTS have male (staminate) flowers on one plant, and female (pistillate) flowers on another plant. Some of these plants are polygamo-dioecious, with some male flowers on female plants and some female flowers on male plants." https://lnkd.in/g9GqmRH View in LinkedIn

CROSSING THE SPECIES BARRIER. “Comparative genomics clearly links genomic- and phenotypic-characteristics with host adaptation, and reveals that major animal-associated clones most likely emerged after a human-to-animal host jump, followed by subsequent adaptive evolution.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

"MOST PLANTS have bisexual flowers with functional male and female flowers. Some are self sterile, requiring pollination from another plant to produce seed." https://lnkd.in/g9GqmRH View in LinkedIn

DEAD END. "Our results are consistent with the view that dioecy is an evolutionary dead end in flowering plants." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jeb.12052/pdf View in LinkedIn

"THESE HANDICAPS should decrease the effective population size of dioecious species, which in turn should reduce the efficacy of selection. Moreover, sexual selection in dioecious species is expected to specifically affect some genes, which will evolve under positive selection." https://lnkd.in/gRVz_Qd View in LinkedIn

ROAD TO EXTINCTION. "Dioecy (i.e. having separate sexes) is a rather rare breeding system in flowering plants. Such rareness may result from a high probability of extinction in dioecious species because of less efficient dispersal and the costs of sexual selection, which are expected to harm dioecious species’ survival on the long term." https://lnkd.in/gRVz_Qd View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION. "Darwin (1871) described many striking examples in which females and males of animal species differ dramatically in morphology, coloration, size, and behavior." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn