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NICHE ALTERATION DATA. "By growing plants of M. annus in soil previously occupied by females or males, Sánchez-Vilas and Pannell (2010) found that plants grown in soil in which females had previously grown were significantly smaller in terms of total biomass than those grown in soil previously occupied by males." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

NICHE ALTERATION. "The possibility that the sexes modify their ecological niches had not been considered in any detail until recently, especially with regard to future offspring performance." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

RESOURCE DIFFERENTIATION. "Sexual dimorphism in physiology and reproduction can result in the sexes requiring different resources from the environment, a phenomenon knows as the ‘Jack Sprat effect’." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

IMPACT OF LATITUDE. "Based on a survey of 116 populations at the northern range limit of this species, the authors found a significant decline in the frequency of females with increasing latitude." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

"GROWING SEASON LENGTH may also differentially affect the sexes, especially in northern latitudes where a shorter growing season may limit opportunities for females to mature seed successfully. A latitudinal survey of sex ratios of Sagittaria latifolia in eastern North America revealed patterns consistent with the hypothesis that females are more sensitive to conditions that limit their reproductive activities." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

DEGREE OF DIMORPHISM. "These predictions were recently confirmed in comparative analyses of the life-history correlates of dioecy, in which male-biased sex ratios were associated with woody growth forms and fleshy fruits. Differences in the degree of sexual dimorphism in reproductive expenditure may therefore be influential in shaping patterns of sex ratio variation among angiosperm species." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

“PRIOR TO THE PANDEMIC, Europe was under a feudalistic social system, closely related to the prevalent economic system of manorialism. Peasants worked for noble landlords in exchange for protection and use of land. A majority of these peasants were serfs, bound to isolated manorial estates and obliged to their landlords. Consequently, there was a disparity between social classes: the rich were exceedingly rich and the poor were exceedingly poor.” https://lnkd.in/gyBNmBb View in LinkedIn

FORENSIC GENETICS allows us to put to rest theories about the black death that were based in hypotheses rather than testable facts. Sequencing plague genomes from plague cemeteries and mass graves sheds light on its origins and propagation even after 700 years. View in LinkedIn

WORK-LAND IMPACT. “The revolutionary effect (if it can be called thus) of the Black Death was the inversion of the land/work relationship. The reduction in the workforce due to the high mortality rates made labor a scarce asset. Peasants began to have a certain degree of margin for negotiation, as the rentals for their land grew less costly, leading to an increase in their wages. In certain parts of Europe, rulers took measures to control these increases in salary, sparking peasants’ revolts in some cases.” https://lnkd.in/gxzkSs7 View in LinkedIn

SCAPEGOATS. “The plague, in turn, resulted in another wave of Jewish persecution. The European Jewry were no strangers to persecution preceding the advent of the Black Death. The Black Death of 1348 led to more widespread persecution as the European Jewry became the scapegoats for the cause of the plague.” https://lnkd.in/g77Ywgt View in LinkedIn