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SEQUENCE DEGENERACY. "There is emerging evidence that plant sex chromosomes show some sequence degeneracy, as is the case in animal Y chromosomes, where the non-pairing segment of the Y chromosome largely lacks functional loci." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

VIRAL SEQUENCES AND SEX CHROMOSOMES. "In Rumex acetosa, sex chromosome specific repeated sequences have been described and the sex chromosomes appear to contain large amounts of retroviral and viral related sequences." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

PLOIDY EVENTS. "Although it is clear that the evolution of plant sex chromosomes is associated with large increases in the DNA amount, the reasons behind these increases and the types of sequence are not well understood." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

INDEPENDENT BUT SIMILAR. "Sex-chromosomes in flowering plants have evolved independently but have a number of features in common. The X and Y chromosomes are always the largest chromosomes in the complement (and probably in the entire genus) and the Y chromosomes (or summed Y-multiples) are much larger than the X in all species except Humulus lupulus and Viscum." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

EXAPTED GENES. "Hermaphroditic plants may well carry genes with sequences similar to sex determining genes but they are likely to have different functions in these species, the sex determining genes (as distinct from the downstream genes which result in the organ differences) arising by gene duplication and functional divergence." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

INTERMEDIATE SYSTEM. "In Rumex hastatulus, which evolved a sex chromosome system independently of R. acetosa, both X and Y chromosomes are involved in an intermediate system." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

SEX CHANGE. "In Zea mays, a monoecious species, the Tasselseed (ts) loci cause the reversal of sex in tassel florets, so that pistils develop and stamen development is suppressed." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

ACTUAL NUMBER. "Differentiated sex chromosomes have been established clearly in only six families, representing about eight species and two major species groups." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

ORGAN IDENTITY GENES. "The involvement of organ identity genes in controlling the sex related differences in organ development in unisexual species is more likely in those species which do not initiate the inappropriate organs and do not go through a hermaphrodite phase." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

PLANT SEX GENES. "Although sex chromosomes in flowering plants are rare, plants have evolved systems which are analogous to the main chromosomally-based systems in animals. For example, the Silene species have an active Y system similar to that in mammals where the Y chromosome acts as a maleness enhancer as well as suppressing the gynoecium." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn