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CRAYFISH RAPID SPECIATION. "Generally, new species arise gradually over long periods of time, but the genetic studies indicate that in this case speciation was virtually instantaneous, something that happens in plants but is very rare in animals. And the marbled crayfish is the only one among its 14,000 crustacean relatives able to clone itself." https://lnkd.in/epB74fM View in LinkedIn

GENETIC DIVIDE. "In the new study, published this month on the bioRxiv preprint server, researchers show that the slough crayfish males can’t fertilize marbled crayfish eggs, a hallmark of a species split, and that the clones contain enough genetic differences to justify designating them a separate species." https://lnkd.in/epB74fM View in LinkedIn

CRAYFISH THREE CHROMOSOMES. "Genetically, the clones—known as marbled crayfish because of their appearance —are similar to slough crayfish (Procambarus fallax), which are found in Florida and Georgia, except they have three sets of chromosomes instead of the typical two." https://lnkd.in/epB74fM View in LinkedIn

CRAYFISH FINDING. "The all-female clones were first discovered in 1995 by German pet traders and quickly became a popular addition to home aquariums. Later, they escaped into the wild, where they have become a threat to native crayfish in several places, including Madagascar." https://lnkd.in/epB74fM View in LinkedIn

CRAYFISH CLONES. "Crayfish create a new species of female ‘superclones’. A genetic glitch allowed one female to begin cloning herself, and because these females are larger and more prolific, they started to take over. A new study argues that these clones constitute a new species—one where every individual is genetically identical." https://lnkd.in/epB74fM View in LinkedIn

OUTLIER CASE. "Some fungi have 13 different sexes and any two can reproduce together. This means that it might be possible for those sexes that don't reproduce often to evolve more slowly." https://lnkd.in/eaQgZwc View in LinkedIn

GENETIC HOT SPOT. "The X chromosome can accumulate such female-benefit genes at a faster rate, and the ‘feminization’ of this chromosome might make it an evolutionary hot-spot for genes involved in sexual dimorphism." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

X VS Y CHROMOSOMES. "TE accumulation may occur on the X as well as the Y chromosome. In dioecious plants so far studied genetically, recombination occurs in both sexes, as in mammals. The X chromosome thus has a lower recombination frequency than the autosomes, because X chromosomes recombine only in females." (TE = transposable elements). https://lnkd.in/exrSaeb View in LinkedIn

SPECIAL TRANSMISSION CASE. "Sexually dimorphic phenotypes are often associated with genes on the sex chromosomes because such genes have sex-biased transmission and genomic distributions." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

BULKING SEQUENCES. "The accumulation of TEs and other repetitive sequences is probably a major contributor to the tendency for plant Y chromosomes to be larger than their X homologues." (TE = transposable elements) https://lnkd.in/exrSaeb View in LinkedIn