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HYBRID ADVANTAGES. “This is another way of stating, in informational terms, that analogue-only systems are not as versatile or as robust as analogue systems with digital information control and as such may probably have very limited evolutionary capacity.” https://lnkd.in/ewsT9EQ View in LinkedIn

REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION. "One of the key modes of plant speciation is polyploidy (duplication of all chromosomes), which can lead to sympatric speciation because it is often associated with limited gene flow and reproductive isolation." https://lnkd.in/eJvn-m7 View in LinkedIn

ANALOG-DIGITAL HYBRID. “Taking all of these factors into account, it is clear that analogue-only systems are not capable of adaptation in the same way as living systems are. Modern life is a hybrid: digital memory and digital switches enable control over many (non-interfering) analogue states, and therefore enable adaptability to changing environmental conditions with the same basic toolkit.” https://lnkd.in/ewsT9EQ View in LinkedIn

IMPACT OF STRESS. "Interestingly, environmental stress also often triggers unreduced gamete production. In response to stress, the formation of unreduced gametes may facilitate polyploid speciation and escape from genetic pressure and hostile environments." https://lnkd.in/eWhHmsj View in LinkedIn

ANALOG-DIGITAL HYBRID. “Taking all of these factors into account, it is clear that analogue-only systems are not capable of adaptation in the same way as living systems are. Modern life is a hybrid: digital memory and digital switches enable control over many (non-interfering) analogue states, and therefore enable adaptability to changing environmental conditions with the same basic toolkit.” https://lnkd.in/ewsT9EQ View in LinkedIn

HYBRIDS AS UNUSUAL CASES. "Generally, unreduced gametes are frequently produced by hybrids, facilitating polyploidization. This phenomenon has been observed in a range of animal and plant species." https://lnkd.in/eWhHmsj View in LinkedIn

COMPOSOMES. “The heritable information in this case typically consists of the compositional ratios of the molecules in the organized assemblies. Although it has been suggested that such ‘composomes’ might provide a primitive inheritance mechanism, it is not clear that they are evolvable, since compositional information tends to degrade over successive generations inhibiting the capacity for open-ended evolution.” https://lnkd.in/ewsT9EQ View in LinkedIn

ROLE OF UNREDUCED GAMETES. "Several studies have suggested that the majority of polyploidization events in both plants and animals may have resulted from unreduced gamete formation. This phenomenon is widely accepted as an important evolutionary force in both plants and animals." https://lnkd.in/eWhHmsj View in LinkedIn

“METABOLISM-FIRST’ scenarios for the origin of life fall within this analogue framework, positing that early life was based on autocatalytic metabolic cycles that would have been constructed in a manner akin to how analogue computer systems are cabled together to execute a specific problem-solving task.” https://lnkd.in/ewsT9EQ View in LinkedIn

“DIGITAL-FIRST systems (as currently posed) represent a rather trivial form of information processing that fails to capture the logical structure of life as we know it.” http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/79/20120869 View in LinkedIn