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VAST NUMBER OF POLYPLOID SPECIES. "Our survey found that 53.2% of polyploid taxa were unnamed and that c. 24% of all plant taxa were polyploids. Assuming these numbers are representative for angiosperms, we estimate that there may be an additional c. 51 000–61 000 cryptic polyploid species." https://lnkd.in/eee56_B View in LinkedIn

POLYPLOIDY PLANTS. "How many unnamed polyploid flowering plant species exist in nature? Current estimates suggest there are c. 350 000 named flowering plant species with another 10–20% to be named in general." https://lnkd.in/eee56_B View in LinkedIn

MEIOTIC MISHAP. "Environmental stress often triggers unreduced gamete production, suggesting that unreduced gametes may facilitate polyploid speciation in response to changing environments. Thus, although unreduced gamete formation may be a meiotic mishap, we suggest that unreduced gametes can be more explicitly considered as a mechanism for evolutionary speciation that should be measured and tested across and within lineages for exaptive evolution (a feature with evolutionary utility that has not arisen under conventional selective pressure) and evolvability (the capacity to generate adaptive genetic variation)." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952514001590 View in LinkedIn

NOT THERE YET. "Our results further demonstrate that to better understand the evolutionary processes involved, more sophisticated methods and extensive and detailed data sets are required for both broad and focused inquiry." http://www.amjbot.org/content/103/7/1223.short View in LinkedIn

PLOIDY AND REPRODUCTION. "We conclude that the long-hypothesized connection between ploidy and sexual system holds in some clades, although it may well be affected by factors that differ from clade to clade." http://www.amjbot.org/content/103/7/1223.short View in LinkedIn

"TRANSITIONS in sexual systems are hypothesized to be affected by large genomic events such as whole-genome duplication, or polyploidy, and several models have been proposed to explain the observed patterns of association." https://lnkd.in/e-bMaHt View in LinkedIn

LATE DEVELOPMENT. "Unlike in most animals, where the germline is set aside early in embryogenesis, the plant germline is determined only late in development, during floral organ formation." A critical distinction. http://dev.biologists.org/content/develop/142/2/229.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

PLANT REPRODUCTION. "Flowering plants display a variety of sexual systems, ranging from complete cosexuality (hermaphroditism) to separate-sexed individuals (dioecy). While dioecy is relatively rare, it has evolved many times and is present in many plant families." https://lnkd.in/e-bMaHt View in LinkedIn

DOWNSIZING GAMETOGENESIS. "During the course of evolution, the gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle, which is dominant in bryophytes (i.e. liverworts, hornworts and mosses), has been dramatically reduced to only a few cells in the angiosperms (flowering plants)." https://lnkd.in/ewV3vWP View in LinkedIn

"LOGIC is not a substitute for data; and substantial data are lacking for many aspects of polyploid evolution." https://lnkd.in/eee56_B View in LinkedIn