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HYBRIDIZATION. "Polyploidization causes a group of genetic changes that include: changes in gene expression, gene loss, epigenetic release of transposons, and morphological and physical changes. This is because when combining genetically distinct parents that belong to different species or genera, hybrid offspring contain the genetic material of both parents." https://lnkd.in/etn6Uea View in LinkedIn

NOT THERE YET. "Our results further demonstrate that to better understand the evolutionary processes involved, more sophisticated methods and extensive and detailed data sets are required for both broad and focused inquiry." http://www.amjbot.org/content/103/7/1223.short View in LinkedIn

PLOIDY AND REPRODUCTION. "We conclude that the long-hypothesized connection between ploidy and sexual system holds in some clades, although it may well be affected by factors that differ from clade to clade." http://www.amjbot.org/content/103/7/1223.short View in LinkedIn

"TRANSITIONS in sexual systems are hypothesized to be affected by large genomic events such as whole-genome duplication, or polyploidy, and several models have been proposed to explain the observed patterns of association." https://lnkd.in/e-bMaHt View in LinkedIn

LATE DEVELOPMENT. "Unlike in most animals, where the germline is set aside early in embryogenesis, the plant germline is determined only late in development, during floral organ formation." A critical distinction. http://dev.biologists.org/content/develop/142/2/229.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

PLANT REPRODUCTION. "Flowering plants display a variety of sexual systems, ranging from complete cosexuality (hermaphroditism) to separate-sexed individuals (dioecy). While dioecy is relatively rare, it has evolved many times and is present in many plant families." https://lnkd.in/e-bMaHt View in LinkedIn

DOWNSIZING GAMETOGENESIS. "During the course of evolution, the gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle, which is dominant in bryophytes (i.e. liverworts, hornworts and mosses), has been dramatically reduced to only a few cells in the angiosperms (flowering plants)." https://lnkd.in/ewV3vWP View in LinkedIn

"LOGIC is not a substitute for data; and substantial data are lacking for many aspects of polyploid evolution." https://lnkd.in/eee56_B View in LinkedIn

SPOROGENESIS IN PLANTS. "The formation of the plant reproductive lineages proceeds in two distinct phases: during sporogenesis, spores are formed by sporophytic (somatic) cells, whereas during gametogenesis the spores develop into mature gametophytes that harbour the male or female gametes." https://lnkd.in/ewV3vWP View in LinkedIn

STRESS TOLERANCE. "Allopolyploids may also endure environmental change better than autopolyploids, because the former may marshal more genetic resources through genome reorganization and greater flexibility in gene expression to cope with immediate stresses." https://lnkd.in/eee56_B View in LinkedIn