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EVOLUTION OF STARS. “The idea that stars change as they age and that" "these changes in turn alter their local environment and the chemical" "makeup of their parent galaxy — an idea that has developed only within" "the past fifty years — stands in the same relation to astronomy as the" "Darwinian revolution does to biology. It is a conceptual breakthrough that" "makes possible the modern understanding of the origin, evolution, and " "fate of the universe.” https://lnkd.in/d5GTUVD View in LinkedIn

B2FH PAPER (1957). “Ninety elements are found terrestrially (and one more, technetium, is found in stars) only promethium has not been found in nature. Some 272 stable" "and 55 naturally radioactive isotopes occur on the earth. It seems probable that the elements all evolved from hydrogen.” One of the most important scientific papers ever. https://lnkd.in/eZhzKDj View in LinkedIn

MAJOR BREAKTHROUGH. “There was a seminal paper — one of the most important research papers ever published — that gave us the description of the origin of the elements. The paper is entitled “Synthesis of the Elements in Stars” but is sometimes referred to as the B2FH paper, after the authors’ initials.” (Burbridge, Burbridge, Fowler, Hoyle). https://lnkd.in/etgu265 View in LinkedIn

DYNAMIC STAR LIFE CYCLES. “Stars are the factories in which new chemical elements are formed, and stellar helium burning provides the seed material for a large number of nucleosynthesis processes, which occur during late stellar evolution followed by explosive nucleosynthesis in core collapse supernovae.” https://lnkd.in/e3QFknM View in LinkedIn

BIRTH OF ELEMENTS. “The atoms in your body contain the history of the universe. The hydrogen in your body was born among the first elements, about 13.7 billion years ago. The carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in your muscles and mind were created within a star that died more than 5 billion years ago. You are the universe made manifest. https://lnkd.in/eJ_9fKE View in LinkedIn

OXYGEN, CARBON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN. “There are 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth, from hydrogen to uranium, so why do these four make up such a majority of living things? Part of the reason lies in the fact that they are versatile elements, capable of producing a vast array of chemical compounds, but it also has to do with the fact that they are among the most abundant elements in the universe.” https://lnkd.in/eJ_9fKE View in LinkedIn

PERCENT OF BODY WEIGHT BY ELEMENT. Oxygen: 65%; Carbon: 18.6%; Hydrogen: 9.7%; Nitrogen: 3.2%; Sulphur: 0.05%. These elements make up 96.5% of your body weight. https://lnkd.in/eJ_9fKE View in LinkedIn

TOP 20 ELEMENTS OF THE UNIVERSE (number per million atoms): Hydrogen: 930,000; Helium: 72,000; Oxygen: 800; Carbon: 500; Neon: 80; Iron: 20; Nitrogen: 90; Sulphur: 20. https://physics.info/nucleosynthesis/ View in LinkedIn

THE TWO OLD BIGGIES. “Almost all the hydrogen and helium in the universe today were created in the first three minutes after the big bang. All of the other naturally occurring elements were created in stars.” https://physics.info/nucleosynthesis/ View in LinkedIn

MORE THAN THE MOST ABUNDANT. “More than ninety per cent of the universe is composed of hydrogen and helium. Both elements have been around since shortly after the beginning of the universe. Yet, hydrogen and helium together won’t make anything as complex as the Earth, or a bacterium, or a refrigerator, or you and I. To do that, we need carbon and oxygen and nitrogen and silicon and chlorine and every other naturally occurring element. All of the other naturally occurring elements were created in stars.” https://physics.info/nucleosynthesis/ View in LinkedIn