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PROTEIN-CODING SELECTION. "Genes encoding putative effector proteins and secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes show evidence of positive selection acting on the coding sequence, consistent with an Arms Race model of evolution." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

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SELECTION ACROSS GENOME. "In this study, we analyzed genome-wide patterns of selection acting on different classes of sequences in a worldwide sample of eight strains of the model plant-pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum graminicola. We found evidence of selective sweeps, balancing selection, and positive selection affecting both protein-coding and noncoding DNA of pathogenicity-related sequences." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

NETWORK COSTS. "Such costs include manufacturing connections, maintaining them, the energy to transmit along them and signal delays, all of which increase as a function of connection length and number." https://lnkd.in/eX5AfaH View in LinkedIn

CONCLUSION. "It is now becoming clear that natural selection acts on large portions of the noncoding genome." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS, A BYPRODUCT. "We investigate an alternate hypothesis that has been suggested, but heretofore untested, which is that modularity evolves not because it conveys evolvability, but as a byproduct from selection to reduce connection costs in a network." https://lnkd.in/eX5AfaH View in LinkedIn

EVIDENCE #1+#2 "has led to many researchers to ask whether phenotypic diversity is mainly determined by changes in protein-coding sequences or in the noncoding regulatory sequences." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

HYPOTHESIS: MODULARITY CONVEYS EVOLVABILITY. "The leading hypothesis is that modularity mainly emerges because of rapidly changing environments that have common subproblems, but different overall problems." https://lnkd.in/eX5AfaH View in LinkedIn

EVIDENCE #2: "the fact that a large proportion of the nonprotein-coding DNA of eukaryotic genomes is actually functional." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

EVIDENCE #1. There is "high level of similarity between proteins (in number and function), from phenotypically very different organisms." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn