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EVIDENCE #2: "the fact that a large proportion of the nonprotein-coding DNA of eukaryotic genomes is actually functional." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

EVIDENCE #1. There is "high level of similarity between proteins (in number and function), from phenotypically very different organisms." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

EVIDENCE of selection on protein-coding and non-protein coding sequences follow. View in LinkedIn

POSITIVE SELECTION. "It is generally accepted that positive selection (selection in favor of advantageous mutations) plays an important role in the origin of new phenotypes. In fact, the evidence of selection acting on protein-coding sequences has increased enormously in the last 20 years." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

ADAPTIVE SIGNPOSTS. "The rapid accumulation of genome sequences and the development of powerful statistical methods, to detect signatures of adaptation, provide us an unprecedented opportunity to increase our understanding of functionally important genomic regions." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

FOOTPRINTS OF SELECTION. "Natural selection leaves imprints on DNA, offering the opportunity to identify functionally important regions of the genome." https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

NATURAL SELECTION acts on genes that code proteins. Does it also act on the non-coding genome? View in LinkedIn

EFFICIENCY CAUSES MODULARITY. "This paper supports the hypothesis that selection to reduce connection costs causes modularity, even in unchanging environments.” https://lnkd.in/eX5AfaH View in LinkedIn

DIRECT SELECTION OF EFFICIENCY. "Although most hypotheses assume indirect selection for evolvability, here we demonstrate that the ubiquitous, direct selection pressure to reduce the cost of connections between network nodes causes the emergence of modular networks." https://lnkd.in/eX5AfaH View in LinkedIn

COST MINIMIZATION. "The strongest evidence that biological networks face direct selection to minimize connection costs comes from the vascular system and from nervous systems, including the brain, where multiple studies suggest that the summed length of the wiring diagram has been minimized, either by reducing long connections or by optimizing the placement of neurons." https://lnkd.in/eX5AfaH View in LinkedIn