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BUILDING ELEMENTS. “Then we build our way up through the periodic table creating heavier and heavier things through different types of processes. In some cases we just add a proton and it grows. In other cases we add a bunch of neutrons and these neutrons decide to flip what they are between protons decaying through a process called the reverse beta decay.” http://www.astronomycast.com/transcripts/AstroCast-080922_transcript.pdf View in LinkedIn

“NEUTRONS in the core. You end up with things like helium-4 which is a helium atom which is number 2 on the periodic table. That 4 means that it has four bits, two protons and two neutrons sitting in its nucleus. Helium-4 is like one of the most stable things that you get.” http://www.astronomycast.com/transcripts/AstroCast-080922_transcript.pdf View in LinkedIn

NEXT PART. “But the thing is there’s also this thing called a Neutron. Some atoms in order to be stable have to have both protons and neutrons.” http://www.astronomycast.com/transcripts/AstroCast-080922_transcript.pdf View in LinkedIn

ABC OF ALL MATTER. “It all comes down to proton and neutron number at the end of the day. The number of protons tells you what type of element it is. So, you have hydrogen with one proton; helium with two protons and you build your way up through the periodic table adding more and more protons.” https://lnkd.in/efDcCRq View in LinkedIn

STEPPING STONES. “Okay so one proton is hydrogen. Two protons is helium. Three protons is lithium, etc. So, that’s where you go up with the numbers. Whenever you see gold or lead, the first number is the number of protons and if you add another proton, you have a new element, right?” http://www.astronomycast.com/transcripts/AstroCast-080922_transcript.pdf View in LinkedIn

VESTIGIAL SELECTION REMNANT. “In a predator–prey example, snails from freshwater springs in northern Mexico develop shells that are 2–3 times harder than is necessary to withstand the maximum biting force of the local molluscivorous cichlid fish. Such defences have been attributed to environment-dependent fitness costs of defences and historical, but now absent, selection.” https://lnkd.in/e5R5vQe View in LinkedIn

STARTING POINT. “A fully ionized hydrogen atom is a proton. There is ionized hydrogen, proton — same thing.” http://www.astronomycast.com/transcripts/AstroCast-080922_transcript.pdf View in LinkedIn

SEVERE ALLERGY. “As a consequence, some individuals in a population might be vulnerable to anaphylactic shock, in which comparatively harmless allergens provoke potentially fatal systemic immune reactions.” https://lnkd.in/g3Bfjaa View in LinkedIn

Sprawling Maya network discovered under Guatemala jungle http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-42916261 View in LinkedIn

AUTODESTRUCTIVE DEFENSE. "Many organisms, including humans, develop autoimmune disorders, which effectively defend against enemies but compromise fitness by attacking healthy tissue." https://lnkd.in/e5R5vQe View in LinkedIn