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ENDLESS OPPORTUNITY. “Prokaryotic acquisition genetics provides virtually unlimited opportunities for genetic variance.” https://standardsingenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40793-016-0180-8 View in LinkedIn

UNIQUE NOVELTY. “Prokaryotes do not generate genetic variability through transmission genetics, but they acquire genetic novelty through acquisition genetics—the acquisition of genes directly from the environment via mechanisms not involving reproduction. Routine acquisition genetics, uncoupled from reproduction, simply does not occur among multi-cellular eukaryotes.” https://lnkd.in/ewnQ9Vg View in LinkedIn

NEW VIEWPOINT. “This multi-cellular eukaryotes-centric viewpoint errs in completely omitting the role of horizontal gene transfer —acquisition genetics—in generating vast genetic variation among prokaryotes—much more than transmission genetics does in multi-cellular eukaryotes.” https://standardsingenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40793-016-0180-8 View in LinkedIn

OLD MONO-LINEAR VIEWPOINT. “Essentially, every prokaryote is its own lineage, either dying, budding off, or splitting into daughter cells that are clones of the parent, in the process of asexual reproduction. … Daughter cells are clones, with the same DNA as the parent cell, so they are already well adapted to the microenvironment.” https://standardsingenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40793-016-0180-8 View in LinkedIn

The exquisite anatomical analysis that has gone into this work is used daily in cosmetic surgery, and takes the crusty old Victorian anatomists working in the museum basement right into the modern clinic. Lovely stuff View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this contemplation of what gives the human mouth and smile such a range of subtle expressions, and how these are lacking in other vertebrates, and how they arose during evolution. View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this contemplation of what gives the human mouth and smile such a range of subtle expressions, and how these are lacking in other vertebrates, and how they arose during evolution. The exquisite anatomical analysis that has gone into this work is used daily in cosmetic surgery, and takes the crusty old Victorian anatomists working in the museum basement right into the modern clinic. Lovely stuff. View in LinkedIn

ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS. “At higher levels of evolution the muscles are adapted for communication as articulators in vocalization and producing the movements used in visual communication of facial displays.” https://lnkd.in/di-WAXE View in LinkedIn

TRADITIONAL VIEW: “The cells of these individuals undergo differentiation into germ-line cells (ultimately gametes) and somatic cells—a “body” of tissues and organs to protect and nurture the germ line, at least until reproduction.” https://standardsingenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40793-016-0180-8 View in LinkedIn

CLASSICAL SPECIES CONCEPT. “In classical biology, individuals are seen to co-exist in local groups called populations and the set of all populations containing members capable of interbreeding is defined as a species by Mayr’s biological species concept (BSC).” https://lnkd.in/ewnQ9Vg View in LinkedIn