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ADMISSION OF EMERGENCE. “Interestingly, however, although he is a model example of the reductionist tradition and one of the fathers of Molecular Biology, Jacob does not rule out the possibility of emergent properties.” https://lnkd.in/drJfrU7 View in LinkedIn

EMERGING PARADIGM. “We are now close to having coherent scenarios for the evolution of all major groups of dsDNA viruses of eukaryotes and perhaps deciphering certain general principles of this evolution.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.12728/full View in LinkedIn

NECESSARY TENSION. “Jacob is one of the fathers of modern Biology, and in his monumental work The Logic of Life he recounts the polarity that has always existed in biological science between analytical and synthetic traditions, between reductionism and holism.” https://lnkd.in/drJfrU7 View in LinkedIn

SWINGS AND PENDULUMS. “While system-centric studies in specific subfields of biology can be traced back to the 1950s and 1960s, it was not until the mid-1990s that systems biology developed into a major counter-movement that would grow to challenge the reductionist approach.” https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-0509-8-S2-S1 View in LinkedIn

PUTTING HUMPTY BACK TOGETHER AGAIN. “Neuroscience, physiology, and ecology all converged independently on the idea that it was as important to study and model the system of parts and their interactions as to fully analyze the individual parts alone.” https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-0509-8-S2-S1 View in LinkedIn

FAILINGS OF REDUCTIONISM. “Several subfields of biology have discovered independently that detailed studies of the structure and function of individual parts in detail did not give them a good understanding of the emergent properties of the interactions of many parts within a whole system.” https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-0509-8-S2-S1 View in LinkedIn

COMMON THREADS. “Running counter to this natural balkanization are the handful of organizing principles that span across all of biology such as natural selection and the central dogma of molecular biology. Why would anyone look for an alternative to reductionist biology after one hundred fifty years of unrelenting success?” https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-0509-8-S2-S1 View in LinkedIn

The urban farms greening Paris https://www.cnn.com/style/article/urban-farms-in-paris/index.html View in LinkedIn

COMMON THREADS. “Running counter to this natural balkanization are the handful of organizing principles that span across all of biology such as natural selection and the central dogma of molecular biology. Why would anyone look for an alternative to reductionist biology after one hundred fifty years of unrelenting success?” https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-0509-8-S2-S1 View in LinkedIn

CONSEQUENCES OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD. “Whether intended or not, this specialization usually involves reducing the scope of the problem to focus research and ease the burden of tracking too many variables and concepts. This reductionist approach is widespread to all sciences and no biologist or other biomedical scientist can claim deep knowledge of the state-of-the-art in more than a few of the hundreds subfields of biology.” https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-0509-8-S2-S1 View in LinkedIn