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REGARDLESS OF MOLECULAR TURNOVER. "In its simplest, though still inaccurate form, biological mortality is usually defined as the death of an organism or the termination of its lineage. Immortality would be defined as the indefinite survival of a single organism or of a replicating population regardless of molecular turnover. Imperfect as these definitions are, they do have limited use in understanding some of the fundamental differences between normal and cancer cells." (Leonard Hayflick). https://lnkd.in/esfPTAR View in LinkedIn

A MATTER OF SCALE. "Humans as individuals are mortal but humans as a population are immortal. That concept applies equally well to all animals and most plants. We frequently see it stated that bacteria and protozoa are immortal. That is not so. Like human populations, unicellular populations are immortal and like individual humans unicellular organisms are mortal." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

DEFINITION OF BIOLOGICAL IMMORTALITY has been, not unexpectedly, a bone of contention among the quarrelsome and long-eared thinkers in biology. At times, getting biologists to agree on anything appears to be a task worthy of Sisyphus. View in LinkedIn

A MATTER OF SCALE. "Humans as individuals are mortal but humans as a population are immortal. That concept applies equally well to all animals and most plants. We frequently see it stated that bacteria and protozoa are immortal. That is not so. Like human populations, unicellular populations are immortal and like individual humans unicellular organisms are mortal." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

FREQUENTLY IGNORED. "The immortality of a population depends upon a periodic exchange or rearrangement of genetic information. The immortality of individual organisms or cells, however, depends on demonstrating that exchange of genetic information has not occurred. That seems self evident but it is frequently ignored." https://lnkd.in/dQ_65Wv View in LinkedIn

INDIVIDUALS VS. POPULATIONS. "There are two kinds of immortality that are frequently confused or misunderstood. The two are immortality of individuals and immortality of populations." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

GRAND SLAM. "It's my belief that if one would substitute the word "interesting" for the word transformation in the world's biological literature today, nothing substantive would be lost." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

CELL TRANSFORMATION into a tumor cell. "Our definitions were not universally accepted nor has anyone else been able to bring order out of the current terminological chaos, including heroic efforts by several nomenclature committees established by the Tissue Culture Association. Because of this, today, the scientific literature in this field is virtually unintelligible." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

TRANSFORMATION of normal cells into cancer cells is a critical step towards cellular immortality. View in LinkedIn

Single-use plastics could be banned in England next year https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/18/single-use-plastics-could-be-banned-in-england-next-year?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn