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CO-EVOLUTION. "Maybe we have to recognize eukaryotic evolution as the product of α-proteobacterial endosymbiosis and the momentous, unlikely one-off, it possibly was." https://lnkd.in/deZ8DED View in LinkedIn

HORIZONTAL MECHANISM. "Similar to strict de novo gene origination, horizontal gene transfer, the exchange of genes between genomes from distantly related taxa, can immediately add new genes and functions to a genome. Horizontal gene transfer is a major mechanism for the addition of new genes to prokaryotic genomes, but has also been reported in a number of eukaryotic organisms including plants, insects and fungi." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS. "Could Eukaryotic Sex be a Further Symbiogenic Effect due to the (Proto)Mitochondrion?" https://lnkd.in/deZ8DED View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING DNA CONVERSION. "A number of de novo genes originating from non-coding regions have been identified in Drosophila, humans, primates, murine rodents, Protozoa, yeast, rice as well as virus." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

PLANET EARTH OXYGEN. "Eukaryotes only arose ∼1.6–2.1 billion years ago, tellingly after the Great Oxygenation Event 2.3 billion years ago, compared with the “rapid” evolution of prokaryotes, which are more than 3.5 billion years old." https://lnkd.in/deZ8DED View in LinkedIn

NEW FUNCTIONS. "Divergence in alternative splicing patterns between duplicate genes can generate distinct transcripts that produce noncoding RNAs or polypeptides with slightly or entirely different functions and rapidly alter duplicate gene structures and functions." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

OXIDATIVE DAMAGE THEORY. "Did Meiotic Sex Evolve in Response to Reactive Oxygen Species? Lately, more and more research has uncovered links between stress conditions, such as Reactive Oxygen Species formation, and meiotic sex. One essential question of course remains: where did the Reactive Oxygen Species that possibly gave rise to the invention of meiotic sex in eukaryotes come from?" https://lnkd.in/deZ8DED View in LinkedIn

OXIDATIVE DAMAGE THEORY. "Did Meiotic Sex Evolve in Response to Reactive Oxygen Species? Lately, more and more research has uncovered links between stress conditions, such as Reactive Oxygen Species formation, and meiotic sex. One essential question of course remains: where did the Reactive Oxygen Species that possibly gave rise to the invention of meiotic sex in eukaryotes come from?" https://lnkd.in/deZ8DED View in LinkedIn

LESSONS LARNED. "The bdelloid rotifers have more to tell us. Genomic analysis shows gene conversion, limiting the accumulation of mutations in absence of meiosis. Genes defending against transposons are increased, correlating with the fact that transposable elements make up only 3% of the genome. Horizontal gene transfer is very abundant, with 8% of the genes most likely acquired in this fashion. In this respect, bdelloids seem to have “returned” to the prokaryotic form of sex." https://lnkd.in/deZ8DED View in LinkedIn

TWO WORLDS. "Thus, despite the presence of organisms with long periods of clonality and occasional instances of aneuploidy and parasexuality, which deviate from regular standard meiotic sex, its option is still overwhelmingly present in practically all eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/deZ8DED View in LinkedIn