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EXTINCT TRAITS. "Despite the vast diversity of plants that has arisen through these processes, not all of the possible phenotypic configurations are represented among extant plants. Some traits and trait combinations are vastly represented, while the majority of theoretically possible phenotypes were never accomplished in the course of evolution." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.12969/full View in LinkedIn

EVOLUTIONARY DRIVERS. "Three main processes affect the evolution of species: variation, channeled by constraints (e.g. historical, developmental or mechanical); differential survival, channeled by selection (e.g. as exerted by biotic and abiotic conditions); and chance (evolutionary drift)." https://lnkd.in/dcAxcUy View in LinkedIn

STITCHED TOGETHER. "Such petal ‘Velcro’ is present in other Malvaceae and perhaps more broadly in other plant families, although it is not ubiquitous. This mechanism for physical association between separate organs to regulate flower shape and function is different from the usual organ shape control exerted through cell-to-cell communication and differential cell expansion within floral tissues." https://lnkd.in/dBtGfqQ View in LinkedIn

IMPACT OF TRICHOME SUPPRESSION. "Silencing a master regulator of petal trichomes, GhMYB-MIXTA-Like10 (GhMYBML10), by RNA interference (RNAi) suppressed petal trichome growth and resulted in flower buds forming into abnormal corkscrew shapes that exposed developing anthers and stigmas to desiccation damage." https://lnkd.in/dBtGfqQ View in LinkedIn

PETAL VELCRO. "We report here that the trichomes on petals of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., are essential for correct flower bud shape through a mechanical entanglement of the trichomes on adjacent petals that anchor the edges to counter the opposing force generated by asymmetric expansion of overlapping petals." https://lnkd.in/dBtGfqQ View in LinkedIn

TRANSITION STATE. "The evolution of predominant self-fertilization (selfing) from cross-fertilization (outcrossing) is recognized as the most frequent evolutionary transition involving the reproductive systems of flowering plants." https://lnkd.in/dX-FzGD View in LinkedIn

SPECIES FIXATION. "Eukaryotes vary widely in numbers of mitochondria and chloroplasts per cell and in numbers of genomes per organelle, but in a given microorganism, or cell type in a multicellular organism, these values are maintained at constant levels." https://lnkd.in/ebVhXPf View in LinkedIn

"PURIFYING SELECTION reduces the frequency of deleterious alleles in the population." https://lnkd.in/dU2Q65U View in LinkedIn

REPLICATION COORDINATION. "Because the growth rate of free-living Synechococcus (6–12 h doubling time) far exceeds the growth rate of testate amoebas (1–3 d doubling time), the imposition of such control is presumably an early and critical event in establishing any endosymbiotic relationship, preventing the engulfed bacterium from overwhelming the host cell, and it was presumably quickly established during the protoeukaryote’s acquisition of protomitochondria and protochloroplasts." https://lnkd.in/ebVhXPf View in LinkedIn

SPECTACULAR OUTCOMES. "Although nothing is known about the speciosity of the last eukaryotic common ancestor itself, evolutionary history indicates that the tendency to speciate was instantiated early. Hence the “Why sex?” question has yet another answer: It offers the means to diversify in a eukaryote-specific fashion, one that has had spectacular outcomes." https://lnkd.in/ebVhXPf View in LinkedIn