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MYTH SUPPORTED. "In the years that followed Carrel's observations, support for the interpretation of his experiments seemed to emerge from several laboratories where it was observed that cell populations from other species, including humans, also seemed to have the striking ability to replicate apparently indefinitely." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

SEEDS OF A MYTH. "Early in this century, Alexis Carrel, a noted cell culturist, surgeon and Nobel Laureate, described experiments purporting to show that fibroblasts derived from chick heart tissue could be cultured serially indefinitely. The culture was voluntarily terminated after 34 years. This finding sparked intense interest world-wide not only in the scientific community but in the lay press as well." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

PLEA FOR SANITY. "We all believe that scientists with unpopular ideas need not suffer repression. We suspect that many marine zoologists have noted similar phenomena as those unified by Williamson's theory." And it is all amenable to experimental validation." (Foreword). https://books.google.es/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4Bv_CAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=evolution+of+larval+stage&ots=Ajv40BxpV8&sig=UoAuSNQhyUJxvYurqij18mPF3GM View in LinkedIn

BUN FIGHT. "At the conference where Tauber invited Williamson to present, Fred rose up and assessed his audience -- including some apoplectic sea urchinologists: either we were all privy to an historic moment (as the Haeckel phylogeny itself went extinct to be replaced by that drawn by Williamson), or else Williamson would be recorded as an ordinarily competent and diligent zoologist, who lived with animals by the seaside for 30 years, and whose mistake should be forgiven in the light of his standard contributions." https://books.google.es/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4Bv_CAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=evolution+of+larval+stage&ots=Ajv40BxpV8&sig=UoAuSNQhyUJxvYurqij18mPF3GM View in LinkedIn

"THE WILLIAMSON THEORY offered a radical one-step alternative and the initial experimental confirmation of his theory." Foreword. (Lynn Margulis and Alfred I Tauber). Regardless, journal reviewers branded these ideas as rubbish. https://books.google.es/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4Bv_CAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=evolution+of+larval+stage&ots=Ajv40BxpV8&sig=UoAuSNQhyUJxvYurqij18mPF3GM View in LinkedIn

MODERN ENDOSYMBIONTS. "Many protozoan and metazoan cells harbor vertically inherited endosymbionts in their cytoplasm. Comprehensive reviews have covered most aspects of these ancient mutualistic relationships, including metabolism, genetics, and evolutionary history of the endosymbiont/host cell associations." https://lnkd.in/dHQJqnW View in LinkedIn

BINGO. "I introduce the idea of horizontal larval transfer." Ouch. Clunky. But possibly, tantalizingly, fascinating. https://books.google.es/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4Bv_CAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=evolution+of+larval+stage&ots=Ajv40BxpV8&sig=UoAuSNQhyUJxvYurqij18mPF3GM View in LinkedIn

INFERENCES. "My own hypothesis of the transfer of larval forms depends on genetic mechanisms that are imperfectly understood but that can be inferred." Just as Darwin's work operated in the absence of modern genetics. https://books.google.es/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4Bv_CAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=evolution+of+larval+stage&ots=Ajv40BxpV8&sig=UoAuSNQhyUJxvYurqij18mPF3GM View in LinkedIn

IMPROBABLE BUT COMPREHENSIVE. "At first sight, this may seem a highly improbable thesis, but it provides a tenable explanation of the facts." https://books.google.es/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4Bv_CAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=evolution+of+larval+stage&ots=Ajv40BxpV8&sig=UoAuSNQhyUJxvYurqij18mPF3GM View in LinkedIn

NEW LATERAL GENE TRANSFERS. "The implied transfers of large amounts of genetic material are attributed to successful hybridizations between animals that are not closely related." https://books.google.es/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4Bv_CAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=evolution+of+larval+stage&ots=Ajv40BxpV8&sig=UoAuSNQhyUJxvYurqij18mPF3GM View in LinkedIn