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HYDRA AND HUMAN COMMONALITY. "Together, these findings seem to indicate that Hydra not only provides insights into signalling pathways involved in stem cell differentiation in the Bilaterian ancestor; they also demonstrate that despite morphological and functional differences, and more than 500 million years of phylogenic separation between Hydra and human, common signaling pathways are responsible for stem cell maintenance, lineage determination, and differentiation." https://lnkd.in/d8uxmwq View in LinkedIn

STEM CELL ADVANTAGE. "Hydra’s potential immortality and extensive capacity to regenerate and self-renew is due to the presence of three distinct stem cell lineages: ectodermal and endodermal epithelial stem cells, and interstitial stem cells." https://lnkd.in/d8uxmwq View in LinkedIn

MODULAR DESIGN FOR IMMORTALITY. "Hydrozoans are modular organisms in their polyp stage, but the medusa stage is unitary. Modular organisms have a potentially indefinite life span, but this is usually impossible for nonmodular ones, in which the onset of sexual reproduction ultimately leads to death." https://lnkd.in/eC8V7aV View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION appears not to be a factor in aging using the flatworm example. Rather, telomeres appear to be the key factors. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_immortality View in LinkedIn

IMMORTAL FLATWORMS."Planarian flatworms (both sexual and asexual) appear to exhibit an ability to live indefinitely and have an "apparently limitless [telomere] regenerative capacity fueled by a population of highly proliferative adult stem cells." In even hydra and lobsters telomere length is a mark of aging. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_immortality View in LinkedIn

PLANT AGING. “In most cases, mortality in perennials seems therefore not to be caused by the progressive deterioration of physiological functions associated with age, as occurs in humans. The unique combination of modular development and dormancy evolved by perennial plants allows them to defy aging. The field of aging and regenerative biomedicine could find inspiration in this combination, which makes the probability of death owing to external factors higher than death caused by physiological deterioration associated with aging at the plant organism level.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03360.x/full View in LinkedIn

NO MUTATION ACCUMULATIONS. “Potential damage to meristems as a result of age-associated mutations is negligible, because no evidence of accumulation of somatic mutations in meristems was found in a study of bristlecone pines (Pinus longaeva) that ranged from 23 to 4713 yr of age. Special cases of even longer life span have been reported in clonal species, such as Lomatia tasmanica, an endangered species that exclusively reproduces asexually and whose clonal reproduction has been dated to an age of at least 43 600 yr.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03360.x/full View in LinkedIn

FAKE SEX PHEROMONE. "The “sexually deceptive” orchid Chiloglottis trapeziformis attracts males of its pollinator species, the thynnine wasp Neozeleboria cryptoides, by emitting a unique volatile compound, 2-ethyl-5-propylcyclohexan-1,3-dione, which is also produced by female wasps as a male-attracting sex pheromone." https://lnkd.in/d3KgzuJ View in LinkedIn

ONTOGENY REVERSAL. "All stages of the medusa Turritopsis nutricula, from newly liberated to fully mature individuals, can transform back into colonial hydroids, either directly or through a resting period, thus escaping death and achieving potential immortality. This is the first metazoan known to revert to colonial hydroids, either directly or through a resting period, thus escaping death and achieving potential immortality." http://www.biolbull.org/content/190/3/302.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

Trump administration lifts ban on pesticides linked to declining bee numbers. Unfathomable. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/aug/04/trump-administration-lifts-ban-on-pesticides-linked-to-declining-bee-numbers?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn