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EGG DOMINATED FATES. "Fate specification within the reduced gametophytes of flowering plants is also dependent on intercellular signaling. In embryo sacs, the egg, once specified via a hormone gradient, assumes a dominant role and generates signals that determine the fates of its neighbors." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

Carry the cost: plastic bag levy 'to rise to 10p – with no shop spared' https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/aug/24/carry-the-cost-plastic-ban-levy-to-rise-to-10p-with-no-shop-spared?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETICS AND TRANSPOSONS. "The hypothesis that transposable elements activated in the vegetative cell generate mobile siRNA that reinforces the methylation and silencing of cognate sperm transposable elements. This hypothesis is consistent with the known ability of small RNAs to move between plant cells." (siRNA = small interfering RNAs or silencing RNAs). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING. "Communication between cells of both male and female gametophytes is also apparently important for preserving the integrity of gametic chromosomes by reinforcing the silencing of transposable elements in sperm and egg nuclei." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

DIVERGENT DESTINIES. "Postmeiosis male and female developmental pathways diverge significantly, with events in the ovule being driven principally by hormone gradients and pollen development requiring defined phases of tapetal activity" as well as soma-germline continued collaboration. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

COMPOSITE TRAIT. “As an important life-history trait, longevity shows ontogenetic relationships with other complex traits, and hence may be viewed as a composite trait. Factors that influence the origin and maintenance of diversity of life are ultimately governed by Darwinian processes.” http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4939-2404-2_1 View in LinkedIn

“SENESCENCE, as a time-dependent developmental process, affects all organisms at every stage in their development and growth. During this process, genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors are known to introduce a wide range of variation for longevity among individuals.” https://lnkd.in/dT5Aavw View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this snippet into the complicated reproductive strategies of plants. Plants evolved from aquatic single celled algae, and transitioned onto dry land, where sperm needed protection against drying during dispersal, and thus pollen was born. Dry land was also a harsher environment, so a quiescent protected stage in the life cycle was born. And even within plants as a group, enormous reproductive variation is seen. View in LinkedIn

VASCULAR PLANTS. “Bryophytes have gametophyte-dominated life cycles; seedless vascular plants have sporophyte-dominated life cycles; seed plants have very protected gametophytes that obtain their nutrition from their parents, and are even more reduced than seedless vascular plants; whereas gametophytes from seedless vascular plants are free living and have to fend for themselves.” https://lnkd.in/dGN5WNg View in LinkedIn

SPOROPHYTE DOMINANCE POPULAR. “95% of all plants have a dominant sporophyte generation in their life cycle. Pollen, produced by the sporophyte, allowed seed plants to adapt to dry land.” https://lnkd.in/dGN5WNg View in LinkedIn