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FLORAL TUBE. "The majority of cases reported for fusion of floral whorls comes from studies of petals and carpels, which are often associated with reproductive success. A possible reproductive advantage of having a floral tube is the restriction of the access to the floral reward for nectar robbers. in addition, the accumulation of nectar in the bottom of the tube may reduce nectar evaporation and dilution by rain." https://lnkd.in/dAr4v3z View in LinkedIn

DEATHLY SILENCE. "Despite the fundamental nature and importance of both the process of dying and of death itself, the concepts have received almost no attention in the basic biological sciences—textbooks seldom contain any reference to death or dying." https://lnkd.in/dq_xyw3 View in LinkedIn

FUSION AND POLLINATION. "By creating a floral tube that restricts access to a reward, fusion also provides a means of directing specialized and efficient pollination, thereby potentially increasing individual fitness. The fusion of various floral organ whorls enables coordinated development among the fused parts, providing mechanisms for genetic isolation and differential selection via highly specialized coordination of pollen and stigma placement in the elaboration of pollination syndromes." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

DEATH from a biological perspective is intriguing. It is the flip side of immortality. Trees kill off their autumn leaves rather than repair them. Tissues constantly sculpt themselves in development by programmed cell suicide. Numerous body cells like blood and skin cells have a brief life and are quickly replaced. Some creatures live for very long periods, and others are born and die within days. For what purpose? View in LinkedIn

STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY. "Floral fusion provides enormous potential for the diversification of the flower. Fusion within (connation) or between (adnation) organ whorls provides the flower with a diversity of architectures that can be explored for adaptive fit to a variety of specialized pollination associations and to structural stability under diverse environmental conditions." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

FLORAL FUSION LINKED TO INNOVATION. "The fusion (or lack of separation) of floral organs appears multiple times across the angiosperm tree of life and during different developmental phases of floral organogenesis, and is consistently linked with key innovations in floral shape, size and pollination interactions." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

OPPOSITE OF FUSION. "Fusion as a process may more accurately be defined as a lack of organ separation, and thus understanding the diversity of mechanisms that underlie boundary formation followed by primordia growth and organogenesis could be essential to investigating the mechanisms of organ fusion." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

FUSION OF PLANT ORGANS. "It is not clear if the shift in fusion among organs reflects the novel acquisition of a process (‘fusion’) in a different spatial and temporal context, or if different mechanisms altogether are involved when considering the fusion of different organs during different developmental stages." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

FUSION TAXONOMY. "Shifts in timing and position of fusion within a lineage have traditionally been used taxonomically to differentiate among genera and tribes of different plant lineages; however, the developmental mechanisms underlying such phenotypic differences have not been investigated in a systematic context." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

COMBINATION OF PARTS. "Flowers of the palms (Arecaceae) can have a fused outer perianth whorl (e.g. Pseudophoenix), a fused inner perianth whorl (e.g. Roystonea), or both whorls can be fused into a single tube (e.g. Coccothrinax)." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn