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REFERENCE FOR TODAY: Are Internal, Death-Promoting Mechanisms Ever Adaptive?" "John W Pepper, Deborah E Shelton, Armin Rashidi, and Pierre M Duran. (This reference refuses to post normally on LI). View in LinkedIn

SOCIETAL SACRIFICE. "Among eusocial insects, workers routinely sacrifice their lives to benefit the colony and their siblings. One familiar example occurs in honeybee workers, which commit suicide each time they sting invaders in defense of their hive." View in LinkedIn

SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST. "The environment communicates a negative message (in the extreme, immediate death) to unfit entities. If entities in the population have a finite lifetime, the potential offspring of entities that do not respond effectively to the environment do not become a part of the population for the next generation." Rephrased as elimination of the weakest through death. http://sjsu.rudyrucker.com/~shruti.parihar/paper/ View in LinkedIn

ELIMINATION OF THE UNFIT. "In nature, individuals in the population that do not respond effectively to a particular combination of environmental conditions, suffer a diminished probability of survival till the age of reproduction." (Death of the weaker forms). http://sjsu.rudyrucker.com/~shruti.parihar/paper/ View in LinkedIn

FITNESS AND FECUNDITY. "Darwin recognized that once a population of different, self-replicating structures has been created, the ones that are fitter in grappling with the problems posed by the environment tend to survive and reproduce at a higher rate. This natural selection causes an evolution of structures that are improvements over previous structures." http://sjsu.rudyrucker.com/~shruti.parihar/paper/ View in LinkedIn

PROGRAMMER'S BIOLOGY. "The concept of death was realized in Langton’s loops through functional failure and partial structural failure, in the cutting off of the umbilical cord." http://sjsu.rudyrucker.com/~shruti.parihar/paper/ View in LinkedIn

"POPULATION GENETICS is the study of the distribution and change in frequency of alleles within populations, and as such it sits firmly within the field of evolutionary biology." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_genetics View in LinkedIn

TOM RAY'S TIERRA. "Code individuals reproduced like bacteria with genomes copied mother to daughter, quickly doubling in number, and with mutations, quickly evolving; due to the action of death, the genetic composition of the community changes over time." The normal distribution curve of genes is skewed towards fitter genes. https://lnkd.in/d_8VqjV View in LinkedIn

SELECTION BEGETS DEATH. "Contemporary evolutionary theory sees death as an important part of the process of natural selection. It is considered that organisms less adapted to their environment are more likely to die having produced fewer offspring, thereby reducing their contribution to the gene pool. Their genes are thus eventually bred out of a population, leading at worst to extinction and, more positively, making the process possible, referred to as speciation." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death View in LinkedIn

SURVIVAL IS ANTITHESIS OF DEATH. Darwin was implicitly talking about death when he talked about survival of the fittest. Those that did not survive were taken out of the population gene average, and the average shifted in favor of the fitter population. Replace survival with "non-death", and we have a biologist's thesis on death. View in LinkedIn