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DEEP TOOLBOX. "EAM protein domains are prime candidates to aid in functions, including cell lysis (latrotoxin-CTD), manipulation of PCD (NACHT and NB-ARC), host ubiquitination (OTU and Ulp1), insecticidal toxicity (ABC toxin) and interaction with host proteins (ankryin repeats and TPRs)." (EAM = eukaryotic association module). https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn

NEW SURVIVAL TOOLS. "Why are these protein domains present in the EAM of bacteriophage WO? Some phages of obligate intracellular bacteria may have to overcome two major challenges not encountered by the well-studied phages of free-living bacteria." (EAM = eukaryotic association module). https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn

LIKELY TIP OF ICEBERG. "We suspect that systematic surveys of phage genomes in intimate host-associated bacteria may uncover a broad range of eukaryotic-like protein domains involved in phage life cycle adaptations and phage–eukaryote interactions." https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn

LIBERAL GENE TRANSFERS. "Bacteriophage WO frequently transfer between Wolbachia co-infections in the same animal host and to the host genome as part of large transfers of the Wolbachia chromosome." https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn

KEY FUNCTIONS. "In phage WO, these animal protein domains are central to anti-eukaryotic functions including the black widow latrotoxin, PCD (NACHT), immune evasion (PRANC) and protein–protein interactions." https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn

PLANT Cell Death. "In plants, cell death is part of the normal cycle of the organism. Developmental cell death is observed in many plant tissues, being crucial for instance for senescence of leaves and flowers, formation of pollen and seeds and terminal differentiation of vascular elements. Moreover, plant cells undergo Programmed Cell Death in response to infection." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

"CELL DEATH regulated by a genetic program, or Programmed Cell Death (PCD), is a fundamental mechanism of homeostasis of tissues." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

SKIN DEATH. "A process involving programmed cell death which we are all familiar with is death of skin cells. The skin is constantly being renewed and this renovation involves death of cells in outer layers of the skin. These cells do not die by apoptosis, but by a process called ‘cornication’ or ‘keratinization’ of the outer layers of the epidermis." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

CELL DEATH BY MURDER. "Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) and Natural Killer (NK) cells owe their names to their ability to induce death of their target cells. In order to avoid propagation of a virus, cytotoxic cells attack and kill the infected cells and they use several effector mechanisms in order to do so." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

CASPASES "Apoptotic pathways are fairly similar in nematodes, and vertebrates. Caspases are required for apoptosis in all animals studied and so are their activators (Apaf‐1‐like molecules). In mammals, the mitochondrial pathway is of great relevance, because it is activated in response to multiple stimuli. Mitochondria (and cytochrome c) are required for apoptosome‐mediated caspase activation in response to a diversity of stimuli, including developmental cues, growth factor withdrawal, heat shock, nutrient deprivation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA damage." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn