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AUTODESTRUCTION. "In response to stress due to starvation or damage, animal cells engage a biochemical pathway to destruct themselves. Moreover, upon detection of a virally infected cell, cytotoxic cells kill other cells from the same organism by inducing their suicide. Cell death is not only employed to remove damaged or infected cells, but it is also important for sculpting tissues." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

DEATH MACHINERY IS CONSERVED. "The machinery of apoptosis is well conserved among animals and it is composed of caspases (the proteases which execute cell death), adapter proteins (caspase activators), Bcl‐2 family proteins and Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs)." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

CELL DEATH BY "Apoptosis occurs in animals as a consequence of a variety of stimuli including stress and social signals and it plays essential roles in morphogenesis and immune defense." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

LIFE CYCLES. "Programmed Cell Death is essential for the life cycle of many organisms." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

TISSUE ENGINEERING. "Classical examples of this are the removal of the tadpole’s tail of frogs during metamorphosis or the disappearance of interdigital tissues during mammalian development to sculpt fingers. In the adult animal, unwanted cells are eliminated through PCD when they are no longer needed." (PCD = programmed cell death). https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

BASEPLATE CONFORMATION CHANGE ON INFECTION. "Although these two structures represent different minima in the total energy landscape of the baseplate assembly, as the dome-shaped structure readily changes to the star-shaped structure when the virus infects a host bacterium, the dome-shaped structure must have more energy than the star-shaped structure." http://www.pnas.org/content/113/10/2654.full View in LinkedIn

IMMORTALITY LOST. "Biological evolution acts to increase the fitness and performance of species evolving in successive generations. From this perspective it was difficult to understand why natural selection seemed to result in such bizarrely injurious features as senescence and late-life degenerative diseases instead of eternal youth and immortality." https://lnkd.in/dMUQBti View in LinkedIn

SHARED TOOLKIT. "Two evolutionary related structures, of pyocin and of the type VI secretion system, are found in bacteria as defense systems to kill competing bacteria. These structures are remarkably similar to the tail baseplate structure of bacteriophages, suggesting that tail baseplate-like structures are effective organelles for infecting bacteria." http://www.pnas.org/content/113/10/2654.full View in LinkedIn

WELL CHARACTERIZED. "Bacteriophage T4 uses Escherichia coli as a host and belongs to the Myoviridae family of phages, characterized by contractile tails. Its structure and assembly have been extensively studied using biochemical, cryo-electron microscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods. Many of the proteins that form the structure of the T4 capsid, packaging motor, and tail have been determined." https://lnkd.in/dBRfr4E View in LinkedIn

PHAGE TAIL INITIATES INFECTION. "Most bacteriophages have a tail. At the distal end of the tail there is usually a baseplate that is decorated by some fibers. The baseplate initiates infection when the tail fibers bind to a host cell. Signals are transmitted from the tail fibers via the baseplate to the tail that then trigger the ejection of the phage genome from the head into the host cell through the tail tube." http://www.pnas.org/content/113/10/2654.full View in LinkedIn