Category: Uncategorized

DEATH STARTED WITH MULTICELLULARITY? "There have been two main reasons that have led to the proposal that programmed cell death emerged with multicellularity. The first pertains to the very nature of multicellular organisms. Cells from multicellular organisms (in contrast to cells from single-celled organisms) are condemned to live together in a given spatial and temporal framework, the body. " http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

LOCKED INTO LAUNCH VESSEL. "Termination of the DNA packaging reaction is coordinated with closure of the portal system to avoid leakage of the viral genome. The outflow of DNA is prevented by conformational changes in the portal protein and binding of head completion proteins building the viral genome gatekeeper." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/22/7009.full View in LinkedIn

TWO BIG ENDOSYMBIOTIC EVENTS. "Two distinct evolutions by bacterial endosymbiosis gave rise to eukaryotic realms. Firstly, proteobacteria developing to the mitochondria of all eukaryotic cells and secondly, cyanobacteria that changed to chloroplasts in plant evolution." http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcbc245/MCBC245PDFs/Jan31/Huettenbrenner2003.pdf View in LinkedIn

HIGH PRESSURE DNA STORAGE UNIT. "The dsDNA bacterial viruses (phages or bacteriophages) and herpes viruses keep their genetic information packed at high pressure inside an icosahedral protein capsid. During virus particle assembly the genome is translocated into a prebuilt procapsid through a specialized portal vertex of the capsid." (dsDNA = double stranded DNA). https://lnkd.in/dw4E_8F View in LinkedIn

ENDOSYMBIOSIS AND DEATH. "Death programs are tightly linked to eukaryotic–bacterial endosymbiont co-evolution." http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcbc245/MCBC245PDFs/Jan31/Huettenbrenner2003.pdf View in LinkedIn

PHAGE BASEPLATES. "The current analysis of the T4 baseplate shows how the energy required for infection can in part be stored in the dome-shaped baseplate; it also shows that assembly of the dome-shaped baseplate requires the presence of a template (the central hub) that traps wedges by selecting wedges when they are briefly in a high-energy conformation." A spaceship from Mars. http://www.pnas.org/content/113/10/2654.full View in LinkedIn

PRE-MITOCHONDRIAL. These findings "also suggest that the caspase cystein proteinases may have represented the initial, ancestral core of executioners that allowed the emergence of programmed cell death, prior to the recruitment of mitochondria as essential effectors of the cell death machinery." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

ENERGY SOURCE. "Biological machines require energy that can be provided by catalyzing a chemical reaction of high-energy molecules such as ATP, or by using the energy stored when macromolecules fold and assemble." http://www.pnas.org/content/113/10/2654.full View in LinkedIn

DIVERSIFICATION, COMPLEXITY AND VARIATION. "These findings suggest that the recruitment of caspases and mitochondrial effectors to the cell death machinery may have been subjected not only to increased diversification and complexity, but also to phylogenic variation during the evolution of metazoans." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

NEUTRALIZING DEATH. "The death repressors (Bcl-2/Bcl-XL ¼ ) and their antagonists (Bax/Bak/Bid ¼ ) share the capacity to homodimerize and to neutralize each others through heterodimerization, and, for some of them, to insert through a carboxyterminal hydrophobic transmembrane domain into the outer membrane of intracellular organelles such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn