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"INFORMATION does not change whether it is encoded in bits, in nucleotides, or is scratched on a rock: Information is substrate-independent. But information is also, mathematically speaking, extremely rare. The probability of finding a sequence encoding a sizable chunk of information by chance is so small that for practical purposes it is zero." https://lnkd.in/d-TfSCW View in LinkedIn

GENETIC INFORMATION. "One might suggest that the genetic information is equally carried by the amino acids produced by the codons. So that is a total information of 4,392,322,500 bits including the epigenome. In ASCII code, that would be 627,474,642 MB (megabytes)." http://www.decodedscience.org/comparing-genetic-code-dna-binary-code/55476 View in LinkedIn

CENTRAL DOGMA BUSTED. “One of the limitations of the Central Dogma (and, for that matter, the abstract description of a digital computer as a Von Neumann Machine), is that the abstract representation suggests a linear process: one sequence of DNA leads to one mRNA leads to one protein. Clearly, in terms of the cell, this is not the case. The cell manages multiple processes concurrently rather than as a single threaded sequence.” https://lnkd.in/dZN-i-F View in LinkedIn

PROCESSING INFORMATION. "Programmable matter is thus linked to the concept of a material which inherently has the ability to perform information processing." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_matter View in LinkedIn

2D CODE. “The membrane code: a carrier of essential biological information that is not specified by DNA and is inherited apart from it. Yet a genetic program is not sufficient for embryogenesis: Biological information outside of DNA is needed to specify the body plan of the embryo and much of its subsequent development. Some of that information is in cell membrane patterns, which contain a two-dimensional code mediated by proteins and carbohydrates.” https://lnkd.in/de9z-Pn View in LinkedIn

INFORMATION = ENERGY. "At the fundamental level of Life, the terms “Information” and “Energy” are almost interchangeable." https://hammeringshield.wordpress.com/2013/07/10/life-as-information-exchange/ View in LinkedIn

INFORMATION TRANSFER. "It is only by clearly understanding how chemical systems can transfer and process information that we can hope to understand how self-replication and evolution can occur, and by implication, understand how life might have begun." http://www.dna.caltech.edu/Papers/schulman-thesis.pdf View in LinkedIn

INFORMATION. "This work suggests that the concept of a self-replicating chemistry is closely related to the concept of a chemistry that can store information and compute." https://lnkd.in/dhc7k7H View in LinkedIn

UNIT OF EVOLUTION? "Individuals are merely disposable vehicles for the replicating information contained in the genes. As long as the genes survive (that is, are replicated in offspring before the individual dies), the survival or death of the individual is not very important." http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/evolage.html View in LinkedIn

TRANSITION. "The emergence of life was probably marked by a transition in information processing capabilities." http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/79/20120869.short View in LinkedIn