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CHROMOSOME ANALOGUES. "We can implement this genetic model of computation by having arrays of bits or characters to represent the chromosomes. Simple bit manipulation operations allow the implementation of crossover, mutation and other operations." http://www6.uniovi.es/ftp/pub/EC/FAQ/www/Q1_1.htm View in LinkedIn

PRECURSOR. "In modern organisms, DNA is the major genetic material and protein is the major functional material, both seeming indispensible. Thus, there is a dilemma for the evolution of life: “Which came first, DNA or proteins?” The RNA world hypothesis provided a possible solution to this problem: in some early stage of life, there is neither DNA nor protein but only RNA, acting as both genetic material and functional material." https://lnkd.in/dev3536 View in LinkedIn

COADAPTATION. "This paper introduces and demonstrates a novel brain-machine interface architecture based on the concepts of reinforcement learning, coadaptation, and shaping... reinforcement learning allows the brain-machine interface control algorithm to learn to complete tasks from interactions with the environment, rather than an explicit training signal. Coadaption enables continuous, synergistic adaptation between the brain-machine interface control algorithm and brain-machine interface user working in changing environments." https://lnkd.in/dstCTe2 View in LinkedIn

CRUDE GOOP. "The prebiotic molecules were relatively small and simple compared to the macromolecules that govern contemporary life. Moreover, as prebiotic molecules did not undergo the refinement and filtering of evolutionary processes, they lacked specificity and tuning towards a defined biochemical process." http://www.weizmann.ac.il/molgen/Lancet/sites/molgen.Lancet/files/uploads/shenhav_lancet_core.pdf View in LinkedIn

"THE GENETIC ALGORITHM is a model of machine learning which derives its behavior from a metaphor of some of the mechanisms of evolution in nature. This is done by the creation within a machine of a population of individuals represented by chromosomes, in essence a set of character strings that are analogous to the base-4 chromosomes that we see in our own DNA. The individuals in the population then go through a process of simulated "evolution"." https://lnkd.in/dNx-Znv View in LinkedIn

PREBIOTIC CALCULATIONS. "We have therefore argued in the past that prebiotic scenarios may be adequately described in terms of planet-scale random chemistry reactions. Based on a count of about 1 million molecule types for alkanes with up to 20 carbon atoms, it may be estimated that for compounds containing all CHNOPS atoms (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur) the number would be much larger than one billion." http://www.weizmann.ac.il/molgen/Lancet/sites/molgen.Lancet/files/uploads/shenhav_lancet_core.pdf View in LinkedIn

ECOSYSTEMS. "Genetic programming, autonomous agents, artificial life and evolutionary computation share many common ideas. They generally investigate distributed complex processes, perhaps with the ability to interact." https://lnkd.in/dBswHTH View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION is a topic on its own. But how evolving molecules crossed the line to give rise to complex organizations that were self-reproducing, capable of evolving, and accrued intelligence is another issue. Both topics are at the heart of biology, but our understanding of them is slight to non-existent. View in LinkedIn

"GENETIC PROGRAMMING (GP) is method for automatically creating computer programs. It starts from a high-level statement of what needs to be done and uses the Darwinian principle of natural selection to breed a population of improving programs over many generations." Not what it sounds like. https://lnkd.in/dhwv8HE View in LinkedIn

ANTICIPATION. "Such evolutionary prediction was motivated by a recognition that prediction is a keystone to intelligent behavior (defined in terms of adaptive behavior, in that the intelligent organism must anticipate events in order to adapt behavior in light of a goal)." http://www6.uniovi.es/ftp/pub/EC/FAQ/www/Q1_2.htm View in LinkedIn