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AMINO ACID SKEW. "A similar pattern can be seen among amino acids on Earth. Wherever life is at work, the amino acids favored by biological organisms appear in much higher concentrations than they do in the absence of life." https://lnkd.in/d4b3fY4 View in LinkedIn

SIM'S MENAGERIE. "A population of several hundred creatures is created within a supercomputer, and each creature is tested for their ability to perform a given task, such the ability to swim in a simulated water environment. The successful survive, and their virtual genes containing coded instructions for their growth, are copied, combined, and mutated to make offspring for a new population. The new creatures are again tested, and some may be improvements on their parents. As this cycle of variation and selection continues, creatures with more and more successful behaviors can emerge." https://lnkd.in/dfYmYWR View in LinkedIn

SKEW FROM RANDOM. "Digital organisms that have evolved through many generations display a curious pattern of instructions. "Some instructions are used much more often and some other instructions are used much, much, much less than their random occurrence." https://lnkd.in/d4b3fY4 View in LinkedIn

KARL SIMS, a digital media artist, computer graphics scientist, and entrepreneur (GenArts, special effects software); he worked at: Thinking Machines Corp, Optomystic, and Whitney/Demos Productions. Education: MIT Media Lab, and MIT undergraduate degree (life sciences). Awards included ARS Electronica Golden Nincas and McArthur "Genius Grant". http://www.karlsims.com/ View in LinkedIn

IMAGINING THE UNIMAGINABLE. "Adami believes that his research may also prove useful in the search for extraterrestrial life. One of the difficult questions that astrobiologists struggle with is how they will be able to recognize the biosignature of life forms on other worlds that may have a different chemical foundation than life on Earth." https://lnkd.in/d4b3fY4 View in LinkedIn

"AVIDA is an auto-adaptive genetic system designed primarily for use as a platform in Digital or Artificial Life research. The Avida system is based on concepts similar to those employed by the tierra program developed by Tom Ray. In lay terms, Avida is a digital world in which simple computer programs mutate and evolve. " https://lnkd.in/dZqxxrU View in LinkedIn

AVIDA. "The organisms exist as sequences of self-replicating computer code. The digital bugs evolve at lightning speed, and they leave tracks for scientists to study." https://lnkd.in/d4b3fY4 View in LinkedIn

DIGITAL EVOLUTION. "Avida is basically an artificial petri dish in which organisms not only reproduce, but also perform mathematical calculations to obtain rewards. The reward is more computing time that they can use for making copies of themselves. Avida randomly adds mutations to the copies, thus spurring natural selection and evolution." https://lnkd.in/d4b3fY4 View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL EVOLUTION. "An evolution of virtual creatures is begun by first creating an initial population of genotypes. A survival-ratio determines the percentage of the population that will survive each generation. The individuals whose fitnesses fall within the survival percentile are then reproduced, and their offspring fill the slots of those individuals that did not survive. The survivors are kept in the population for the next generation, and the total size of the population is maintained." https://lnkd.in/dh-4NJm View in LinkedIn

CRITERIA FOR ARTIFICIAL LIFE (Farmer). "1. Life is a pattern in space-time; 2. Self reproduction; 3. Information storage of self-representation; 4. A metabolism; 5. Functional interactions with the environment; 6. Interdependence of parts; 7. Stability under perturbations; 8. The ability to evolve; 9. Growth or expansion." https://lnkd.in/dXsqH3b View in LinkedIn