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MULTIPLE FACTORS. "Bud dormancy is dynamically modulated by intrinsic, environmental, and hormonal factors, which in several aspects, resemble those factors regulating dormancy in seeds." https://lnkd.in/duD22Cw View in LinkedIn

ENVIRONMENTAL TRIGGERS. "The cessation of meristem growth and bud set are controlled by photoperiod, temperature, or a combination of both in different species; followed by the induction of bud dormancy, which precludes the growth resumption even under favorable environmental conditions." https://lnkd.in/duD22Cw View in LinkedIn

PROTECTED MERISTEMS. "The vegetative and reproductive meristems of many perennial plants in temperate climates remain in a non-growing latent state during the cold period of autumn and winter, within buds, which ensure an optimal protection against low temperatures and drought." https://lnkd.in/duD22Cw View in LinkedIn

STAGED BUD RELEASE. "All of a tree’s buds are not released from dormancy at the same time and the requirements and timing of dormancy transitions might change as a tree ages." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

"A CENTRAL FEATURE of the dormant bud is that symplastic conduits are blocked by callose deposition in plasmodesmata (PD) and these are opened during chilling-induced dormancy release. Whereas CEN1 and FT2 expression peaks are clearly subsequent to dormancy release, FT1 upregulation overlapped with the reopening of PD in controlled environment studies of juvenile trees." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

"VERNALIZATION PATHWAYS in different plants converge on related flowering time genes, in particular, the broadly conserved promoter of the floral transition, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). FT activity is countered by the related gene TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) that maintains indeterminate meristems." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

REPRESSOR. "The downregulation of a floral repressor by an extended chilling period is a shared feature and at least in some tree taxa and perennial herbaceous plants such as leafy spurge, DAM could have an analogous role in bud dormancy." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

INDEPENDENT ORIGINS. "Evolutionarily diverse herbaceous plants employ unrelated genes in the vernalization response, indicating that this signaling pathway has evolved independently multiple times." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

"EPIGENETIC STATES are altered in dormant versus non-dormant buds. Deletion within the locus containing tandemly repeated DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) genes has been linked to the evergrowing peach locus that prevents dormancy. DAM6 is upregulated during dormancy and its repression during dormancy release correlates with changes in histone modifications." https://lnkd.in/duazcMZ View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC HALLMARKS. "The global levels of genomic DNA methylation and acetylated histone 4 (H4) show cyclic and opposite variations during the seasonal development of chestnut (Castanea sativa), with higher DNA methylation ratios and lower H4 acetylation levels in dormant buds with respect to actively growing tissues." https://lnkd.in/duD22Cw View in LinkedIn