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UNKNOWN “Ascarosides comprise a family of small signaling molecules that have been shown to regulate important events and behaviors in the life history of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Although the different roles of individual ascarosides appear to be determined by the variances in chemical structure, the mechanisms by which ascarosides are synthesized as well as the locations in which ascarosides are produced within the worm are largely unknown.” https://lnkd.in/dGAHbZv View in LinkedIn

BIOSYNTHETIC HUB. “We further show that mutants lacking lysosome‐related organelles are defective in the production of all 4′‐modified ascarosides, thus identifying the waste disposal system of the cell as a hotspot for ascaroside biosynthesis.” https://lnkd.in/dHBmzX9 View in LinkedIn

THE HOW IS MISSING. ““The mechanisms that underlie the highly specific assembly of ascarosides are not understood. We show that the acyl‐CoA synthetase ACS‐7, which localizes to lysosome‐related organelles, is specifically required for the attachment of different building blocks to the 4′‐position of ascr#9.” https://lnkd.in/dHBmzX9 View in LinkedIn

BASIC BUILDING BLOCK. “In the ascarosides, the dideoxysugar ascarylose serves as a scaffold to which diverse moieties from lipid, amino acid, neurotransmitter, and nucleoside metabolism are attached” https://lnkd.in/dHBmzX9 View in LinkedIn

DIVERSE SET. “The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans uses simple building blocks from primary metabolism and a strategy of modular assembly to build a great diversity of signaling molecules, the ascarosides, which function as a chemical language in this model organism.” https://lnkd.in/dHBmzX9 View in LinkedIn

"A HACKER is an aesthete. There are specialties within computer hacking. An algorithm hacker knows all about the best algorithm for any problem. A system hacker knows about designing and maintaining operating systems. And a “password hacker'' knows how to find out someone else's password." https://lnkd.in/dF3neaQ View in LinkedIn

FREE EVOLUTION. "We are in the same position with respect to the evolution of digital organisms. Ray is creating large biodiversity reserves in cyberspace for future digital creatures where they can evolve freely." https://lnkd.in/d_8VqjV View in LinkedIn

EARLY MIT CULTURE. “A “tool'' is someone who attends class regularly, is always to be found in the library when no class is meeting, and gets straight As. A “hacker'' is the opposite: someone who never goes to class, who in fact sleeps all day, and who spends the night pursuing recreational activities rather than studying." https://lnkd.in/dF3neaQ View in LinkedIn

BEYONG HUMAN IMAGINATION. "Just as in the pre-Cambian explosion, an observer could not possibly have imagined the later diversity of life forms." https://lnkd.in/d_8VqjV View in LinkedIn

TOOLS AND HACKERS. "The concept of hacking entered the computer culture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1960s. Popular opinion at MIT posited that there are two kinds of students, tools and hackers.” https://lnkd.in/dF3neaQ View in LinkedIn