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INFORMATION INCREASE. "If we express this complexity in terms of its improbability, defining the amount of genetic information as the negative logarithm of its probability of occurrence by chance, we may say that genetic information is increased in the course of progressive evolution, guided by natural selection of random mutations." https://lnkd.in/eGfBzxS View in LinkedIn

TOTAL BITS. "So that is a total information of 4,392,322,500 bits including the epigenome. In ASCII code, that would be 627,474,642 MB (megabytes). https://lnkd.in/eq-g674 View in LinkedIn

BITS OF INFORMATION. "For simplicity, let’s say that each gene is either suppressed, or not, in the epigenome. That would be a binary choice for each gene. Most humans have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes. Let’s say the average is about 2^22,500 more choices. Therefore human DNA genome encodes 4^(3 billion) = 2^(6 billion) choices, or 6 billion bits of information. The epigenome encodes at least 2^22,500 choices, or 22,500 bits. The total information is 6,000,022,500 bits, or approximately 6 Gb (gigabits)." https://lnkd.in/eq-g674 View in LinkedIn

INFORMATION TRANSFER. "It is only by clearly understanding how chemical systems can transfer and process information that we can hope to understand how self-replication and evolution can occur, and by implication, understand how life might have begun." https://lnkd.in/dhc7k7H View in LinkedIn

INFORMATION. "This work suggests that the concept of a self-replicating chemistry is closely related to the concept of a chemistry that can store information and compute." https://lnkd.in/dhc7k7H View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last week on this final piece about increasing genetic complexity, or not in nature. The innate world appears to be driven by entropy, the drive towards chaos, lowest energy, greatest stability. In contrast, living things build complexity, higher energy structures, and least stability. Whether there is a trend towards greater genetic complexity and information or not is an interesting question. View in LinkedIn

COULD A STRAND OF INFORMATION called code, a binary data set, ever achieve a critical mass, a higher complexity, or cooperative functionality? Even if it did, we may still not understand what occurred right before our very eyes. View in LinkedIn

UNEXPECTED COMBINATIONS. "A single-celled bacterium is alive, but if you separate the macromolecules that combined to create the bacterium, these units are not alive. Based on our knowledge of macromolecules, we would not have been able to predict that they could combine to form a living organism, nor could we have predicted all of the characteristics of the resulting bacterium." https://lnkd.in/epkJVpt View in LinkedIn

“INATE MOLECULES transitioned into life forms during evolution. Was it a critical mass of such entities? Was it a transformation related to complexity? Was it cooperative functionality? Whatever it was, we have zero understanding of this process despite all the tools at our disposal.” https://lnkd.in/epkJVpt View in LinkedIn

TYPES OF INFORMATION. "Nature is full of hierarchical and symbiotic structures which are optimally designed in all design aspects. Ingenious solutions in nature are transmitted by genetic codes. Human information is not transferable genetically but has to be studied, stored to design codes and transmitted by education." https://lnkd.in/dYdY4x3 View in LinkedIn