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LOGICALAL PROKARYOTIC STRUCTURES. "In prokaryotes, the genes for metabolic pathways are typically organized into operons and, upon transcription, give polycistronic m-RNA. Such unidirectional, clustered, and organized genes would appear to make good engineering sense." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

INTERMEDIATES. "The bewildering array of structure types resulting from these processes...can be traced to the versatility of the various enzyme systems operating through reactive intermediate carbonations." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

ACTIONS AND FUNCTIONS. “The actions of natural products in human physiology are often not relevant to their function(s) in the producing organisms." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

CHUNKING. "Horizontal transfer of genes (that code for biosynthetic pathways) between species occurred and conferred selective advantages to organisms." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

SIMPLE SIGNALS. "Under the pressure of natural selection, natural products evolved as messages, defined in broad terms, i.e. come hither, don't eat me, germinate, divide, attach, disengage, etc." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

SELECTION AND METABOLIC WIRING. "Especially during major transitions, such as the early stages of life's appearance or the rise of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere, selective forces must have shaped the metabolic wiring itself. Comparative genomics can provide top-down insight into some long-term evolution of metabolic pathways." https://lnkd.in/dUHqnYU View in LinkedIn

"AI-PROGRAMMER is an experiment with using artificial intelligence and genetic algorithms to automatically generate programs in the Brainf**k programming language. Successfully created programs by the AI include: hello world, hello, addition, subtraction, reversing a string, fibonnaci sequence, 99 bottles of beer on the wall, and more. It's getting smarter. In short, it's an AI genetic algorithm implementation with self modifying code." https://lnkd.in/dUfSxf4 View in LinkedIn

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS. "Metabolism is the network of biochemical reactions that transforms available resources (“inputs”) into energy currency and building blocks (“outputs”). Different organisms have different assortments of metabolic pathways and input/output requirements, reflecting their adaptation to specific environments, and to specific strategies for reproduction and survival." https://lnkd.in/dUHqnYU View in LinkedIn

CONSTANTLY IMPROVING CODE. Kory Becker from Primary Objects has been experimenting with AIs capable of writing their own computer programs. The AIs Kory is using are called genetic algorithms. They function much the same as biological evolution, in that the programs they write get better and better with each generation." https://lnkd.in/dk8PgiX View in LinkedIn

ACCIDENTS OR ARCHETYPES? "Is the evolution of metabolism subject to general principles, beyond the unpredictable accumulation of multiple historical accidents? Here we ask whether, beneath the intricate wiring of these networks, it is possible to discern signatures of optimal (i.e., shortest and maximally efficient) pathway architectures." https://lnkd.in/dUHqnYU View in LinkedIn