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EMERGENCE in the silicon world of code and malware evolution is a topic worth looking at. Even in the world of biology, or even in physics, with sophisticated analytical tools available, we still are unable to predict emergent behavior as scale changes. A snowflake is not a glacier. View in LinkedIn

THE KEY ISSUE. "Predicting the behavior of complex decentralized pervasive computing systems before their deployment in a dynamic environment, as well as being able to influence and control their behavior in a decentralized way, will be of fundamental importance in the near future." https://lnkd.in/dMwveSp View in LinkedIn

GREATER THAN THE SUM OF THE PARTS. "Emergence is the fact that a structure, not explicitly represented at a lower level, appears at a higher level. In the case of dynamic self-organising systems, with decentralised control and local interactions, intimately linked with self-organisation is the notion of emergent properties." https://lnkd.in/dfAjwzM View in LinkedIn

HUMAN LIMITS. "Emergent systems are those in which even perfect knowledge and understanding may give us no predictive information." https://lnkd.in/dPMad4M View in LinkedIn

"LARGE SCALE PATTERNS in the world are usually the result of the interactions of large numbers of smaller pieces that somehow combine in surprising ways to create the large-scale pattern. Such large-scale (macro-) patterns that arise out of the interactions of numerous interacting (micro-) "agents" are called "emergent phenomena" — that is, phenomena that emerge from interactions at a lower level or scale." https://lnkd.in/dPNW2Hi View in LinkedIn

FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX. "The most efficient of the evolved equivalence functions was just 17 lines of code — two fewer than the most efficient code the researchers had come up with beforehand. Evolving even as few as 17 lines involved a lot of incremental changes." https://lnkd.in/dvEXJwm View in LinkedIn

DIGITAL MUTATIONS. "The researchers’ simulation involves bits of software that self-replicate, but not perfectly. When the digital organisms make copies of themselves they sometimes make random errors, just as DNA is subject to mutations when it replicates." https://lnkd.in/dvEXJwm View in LinkedIn

COMPUTER SIMULATION. "They also uncovered a twist on conventional evolutionary thinking — it seems that some mutations that are harmful in the short run may boost long-term potential." https://lnkd.in/dvEXJwm View in LinkedIn

IN SILICO MODELING. "Researchers from Michigan State University have used software to prove Charles Darwin’s postulation that small, seemingly inconsequential changes over thousands of generations can result in the evolution of complex functions." https://lnkd.in/dvEXJwm View in LinkedIn