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SHAPE GRAMMARS. "The role of emergence in creative design and its unique embodiment in shape grammars have been emphasized by March, Stiny, and others. Shape grammars generate emergent shapes—shapes not predefined in a grammar." https://lnkd.in/dgGXmuw View in LinkedIn

"AUTONOMIC COMPUTING, perhaps the most attractive approach to solving this problem, creates systems that can manage themselves when given high-level objectives from administrators. Systems manage themselves according to an administrator's goals. New components integrate as effortlessly as a new cell establishes itself in the human body. These ideas are not science fiction, but elements of the grand challenge to create self-managing computing systems." http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1160055&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D1160055 View in LinkedIn

IBM MANIFESTO "noted the almost impossible difficulty of managing current and planned computing systems, which require integrating several heterogeneous environments into corporate-wide computing systems that extend into the Internet." http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1160055&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D1160055 View in LinkedIn

COMPLEXITY CRISIS. "A 2001 IBM manifesto observed that a looming software complexity crisis - caused by applications and environments that number into the tens of millions of lines of code - threatened to halt progress in computing." https://lnkd.in/dWNndhf View in LinkedIn

EXPONENTIAL RULE. "One reason why emergent behaviour is hard to predict is that the number of interactions between components of a system increases exponentially with the number of components, thus potentially allowing for many new and subtle types of behaviour to emerge." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence#CITEREFAnderson1972 View in LinkedIn

EMERGENCE, SYNERGY AND EVOLUTION. "In evolutionary processes, causation is iterative; effects are also causes. And this is equally true of the synergistic effects produced by emergent systems. In other words, emergence itself...has been the underlying cause of the evolution of emergent phenomena in biological evolution; it is the synergies produced by organized systems that are the key." https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fcplx.10043 View in LinkedIn

"SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS of various kinds have played a major causal role in the evolutionary process generally and in the evolution of cooperation and complexity in particular." https://lnkd.in/dAmwzUd View in LinkedIn

UNDERSTATEMENT. "The complexity of today's applications is such, e.g. world scale, that no centralised or hierarchical control is possible. In other cases, it is the unforeseeable context, in which the application evolves or moves, which makes any supervision difficult." https://lnkd.in/dfAjwzM View in LinkedIn

OPEN SOURCE EXPLOSION. "GitHub has in recent years become the world’s biggest collection of open source software." https://lnkd.in/enWxmhC View in LinkedIn