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DUPLICATION AGE. "Tandem duplications are likely younger than segmentally duplicated chromosome regions, which were probably generated during whole genome duplication events approximately 20–40 million years ago. As such, the function of segmental duplicated genes is more likely to have been fixed than the tandem genes." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

EARLY EVOLUTION. "Biomorphic research is in its infancy. It is equivalent to early primitive life on this planet." http://vadakkepat.com/web/content/view/70/152/ View in LinkedIn

TANDEM DUPLICATES INCREASE. "This study explores how gene duplication and metabolic function interact to control intraspecific variation in gene expression. Tandem duplicated genes in Arabidopsis thaliana show increased levels of intraspecific gene expression in all tested datasets." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend and ends this weekend on the theme of the evolution of complexity. The popular culture, overlaid by 2,000 years of religious thinking, has some deep-set ideas about the topic, summarized in the inexorable drive of nature towards complexity and perfection based also on a hierarch of being. But nature is nothing but full of exceptions and surprises, and close examination soundly whacks this set of assumptions into the oblivion. View in LinkedIn

LESS DIFFICULT. "In some instances it may actually be easier or cheaper to design cooperative teams of robots to perform autonomous systems" in emergency applications.” https://lnkd.in/e3yjqqd View in LinkedIn

"THE MARTHA PROJECT objectives are the control and management of a fleet of autonomous mobile robots" or multi-robot collaboration in difficult and unexpected terrains.” https://lnkd.in/ef8ANkk View in LinkedIn

DRONE AND ROVER BOT collaborate in exploring rough terrain. https://lnkd.in/eMVt_Ah View in LinkedIn

ROACHBOTS. "The other thing to reiterate is how simple and cheap these roachbots are, and if you can use a bunch of them to mimic (or even improve upon) the functionality of larger and more expensive robots, you could save a lot of time and resources by relying on them instead." http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/robotics-hardware/robot-roaches-with-tiny-magnetic-winch-cooperate-to-scale-steps View in LinkedIn

ROBOT SWARMS. "We’ve been fans of heterogeneous robot swarms for a long time, and it’s very cool to think about how teams of VelociRoACH robots might be able to work with teams of quadrotors like this." http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/robotics-hardware/robot-roaches-with-tiny-magnetic-winch-cooperate-to-scale-steps View in LinkedIn

"THE TETHER-ASSISTED climbing mode fills in the last piece of the step climbing strategy— instead of just sending one member of the team up the step after climbing while connected, the winch can be used to pull the other team member up the step as well." http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/robotics-hardware/robot-roaches-with-tiny-magnetic-winch-cooperate-to-scale-steps View in LinkedIn