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MODEL #1 NARRATIVE. "Suppose, for example, that a molecule carries out a particular catalytic function. If an association with another molecule enhances that function — for example, through structural stabilization — then natural selection can favor the association. The second molecule is initially beneficial although not essential. The second molecule may become essential, however, if an inactivating mutation in the first molecule is compensated for by the presence of the second." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

BOT CREATIVITY EMERGING. "There are already robots that manifest rudimentary emotional intelligence and computers can already write inspiring music." http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30144069 View in LinkedIn

MODEL #1. "The incremental additions model hypothesizes that an initial association of components favorable to some function may become an essential association through time. The complexity of the system may increase with the addition of new components." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

POST-TURING. "Currently scientists use the Turing test - named after computer scientist Alan Turing - which evaluates whether an AI can convince a judge that it is human in a conversation. Prof Mark Riedl, from the Georgia Institute of Technology, is proposing a new test. It would ask a machine to create a convincing poem, story or painting." https://lnkd.in/dgi356m View in LinkedIn

FOUR MODELS. "Several models have been advanced to account for a naturalistic origin of the complexity seen in biological systems. Following are brief descriptions of four models advanced to account for the origin of biological complexity." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

EMERGENT POSSIBILITY. "Some AI researchers believe that true machine intelligence is possible – even inevitable. The argument goes like this: Computers will inexorably surpass human brains in complexity and processing power, machine consciousness will emerge, and the world will be transformed in wholly unpredictable ways." https://lnkd.in/d4iuTqi View in LinkedIn

DEEP BLUE "beat world chess champion Garry Kimovich Kasparov in Philadelphia in 1997. It was the first match Kasparov lost, ever. He apparently got spooked by the machine; according to press accounts, Kasparov said there were moments when the machine seemed to evince an unexpected creativity." https://lnkd.in/d4iuTqi View in LinkedIn

OLD THORN. "The fundamental question about any creative machine is whether its abilities derive only from its maker, or whether it is capable of independent and surprising originality. This key question dates back to the earliest efforts in robotics." https://lnkd.in/d4iuTqi View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this first of two weekends looking at the evolution of complexity in a granular way; the molecular manifestations and mechanisms that give rise to complexity follow familiar themes, in particular the repurposing of old parts, and the need for cooperation between parts to create novelty, in often ingenious combinations. Biochemistry is full of such ingenuity, which then becomes manifest phenotypically. View in LinkedIn

PASSABLE. "Several of the songs sound authentic enough to pass what might be considered a musical version of the Turing Test: On many occasions, audiences have been unable to distinguish between the man-made and machine-made music." https://lnkd.in/d4iuTqi View in LinkedIn