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MODEL #4 NARRATIVE. "One measure of complexity is the information content of a system, and Schneider’s “ev” program has demonstrated that new information can indeed emerge spontaneously. The “ev” program was constructed to simulate evolution by mutational and selection events." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

MODEL #4 NARRATIVE. "One measure of complexity is the information content of a system, and Schneider’s “ev” program has demonstrated that new information can indeed emerge spontaneously. The “ev” program was constructed to simulate evolution by mutational and selection events." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

MODEL #4. "Some complexity theorists believe that laws of self-organization exist that play a role in the evolution of biological complexity. The interaction of various component parts, it is argued, leads inevitably to complex patterns of organization." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

MODEL #3 NARRATIVE. "Multiple genes linked by a gene regulatory system can be co-opted as a unit for a new function; their examples include the evolution of butterfly eyespots, vertebrate limbs, complex leaves in plants, and feathers." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

MODEL #3 NARRATIVE. "Multiple genes linked by a gene regulatory system can be co-opted as a unit for a new function; their examples include the evolution of butterfly eyespots, vertebrate limbs, complex leaves in plants, and feathers." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

MODEL #3 NARRATIVE. "The Krebs cycle posed a real difficulty to evolutionary biologists because intermediate stages in its evolution would have no functionality. An analysis of the component enzymes and cofactors, however, revealed that the component parts and intermediate stages had functions apart from their role in the Krebs cycle." (Bolt-on evolution). https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend and concludes this weekend on the theme of how complexity arose, and the implications for cooperation. Evolution is an ongoing reality, and while we look at trends in plants and animals, it is tempting to speculate about where the next big step is for humanity, if we do not succeed in making our own extinction, and that of the planet at the same time. View in LinkedIn

SWARM BENEFITS. "The potential benefits of such approach are several: robustness: the failure of individual elements does not degrade significantly the performance of the entire system;" "simplicity: the individual behavior is simple but still it allows to reduce the complexity of individuals; " "scalability: the control mechanisms used do not depend on the agents number within a swarm." https://lnkd.in/dTg7N-6 View in LinkedIn

NOT PERFECT. "How does an enzyme evolve from a given ancestral function to novel functions through descent with modification? Following scrutiny of multitude enzyme behaviors, it has been increasingly recognized that enzymes are not as ‘perfected’ as we assumed, but rather contain varying levels of catalytic promiscuity." https://lnkd.in/d3RnrBP View in LinkedIn

SWARM SOCIETY. "The emergence of such a complex behavior extends beyond the swarms. Complex social structures are similar in bigger animals as well as other types of insects. Some examples are colonies of ants and termites, flocks of birds, schools of fish, colonies of bacteria, or even herds of terrestrial animals." https://lnkd.in/dTg7N-6 View in LinkedIn