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VIRUS-HOST COEVOLUTION. "Virus-host biological interaction is a continuous coevolutionary process involving both host immune system and viral escape mechanisms. The Flaviviridae family is composed of fast-evolving RNA viruses that infects vertebrate (mammals and birds) and/or invertebrate (ticks and mosquitoes) organisms. These host groups are very distinct life forms separated by a long evolutionary time,"" " http://lnkd.in/deV83T4 View in LinkedIn

THE PHARMA PATENT CLIFF. By 2016, the pharma industry will have total patent losses of ~$150 billion." Brand pharma has exclusivity from IP and commands top pricing. When the patents expire, there is intense competition from generics to take market share. First-to-file generics get 180 day market exclusivity, at a lower price. When the exclusivity protection ends, other generics can enter the market and price erodes further. These are the dynamics of a pharma product life-cycle." " http://lnkd.in/dRzKvfa View in LinkedIn

TUMOR-HOST COEVOLUTION: "Increasing evidence indicates that tumor–stromal cell interactions have a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression. These interactions modify cellular compartments, leading to the co-evolution of tumor cells and their microenvironment."" " http://lnkd.in/dWVaC5F View in LinkedIn

PARAGRAPH IV CERTIFICATIONS are how generic companies expedite the launch of an ANDA for a generic competitor to an expiring patent of a brand drug that is bioequivalent to the innovator drug. Here is a useful primer of this complex arena. " " http://lnkd.in/ddwrqrE View in LinkedIn

BIOBASH DEC 17. " "" "ADVentura offices at Portal de L'Angel 36, 6-9 pm, just of Placa de Catalunya in Barcelona. Speaker Dr Xavier Ferras, Dean of Vic University BSchool and ex-ACCIO. Drinks and finger food and €15 door fee. Come and enjoy! View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGY IS REPLETE WITH COEVOLUTION. "These were first described by Darwin, and include the exclusive mutualism between flowers and bird and insect pollinators, that have led to anatomical designs only suited for the exclusive pollinator. These coevolution relationships do not end there and can be found in many parasite host relationships including viruses."" " http://lnkd.in/diE4gFr View in LinkedIn

"COEVOLUTION is the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object. Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein, or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution."" " http://lnkd.in/diE4gFr View in LinkedIn

HIV CO-EVOLUTION WITH HOST RESISTANCE: "The virus evolves at a rate of millions of mutations a day to ensure its survival. But this rate slows each time the virus meets a strong genetic opponent. If those genes can be identified, the virus could be frozen in time, indefinitely slowed so it never advances."" " http://lnkd.in/dUsrxdH View in LinkedIn

BIG DATA TO DRIVE SAVINGS. "In the developed economies of Europe, government administrators could save more than €100 billion ($149 billion) in operational efficiency improvements alone by using big data, not including using big data to reduce fraud and errors and boost the collection of tax revenues. And users of services enabled by personal-location data could capture $600 billion in consumer surplus. The research offers seven key insights."" " http://lnkd.in/d5-SRdT View in LinkedIn

MCKINSEY ON BIG DATA. "If US healthcare were to use big data creatively and effectively to drive efficiency and quality, the sector could create more than $300 billion in value every year. Two-thirds of that would be in the form of reducing US healthcare expenditure by about 8 percent."" " http://lnkd.in/d5-SRdT View in LinkedIn