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CIRCADIAN CHANGES. "From a behavioural ecology perspective, the ability to shift circadian activity during migration represents a key element of avian migratory behaviour. Indeed, many species of diurnally active birds switch to additional nocturnal activity during the migratory season.” http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/02/11/rspb.2010.2567 View in LinkedIn

TRIGGERS FOR PHYSIOLOGY. "Such a change in the circadian activity patterns involves substantial physiological and hormonal shifts." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/02/11/rspb.2010.2567 View in LinkedIn

FOOTNOTE. "We should note, that Clock is predicted to regulate migratory timing and not orientation." https://lnkd.in/dWFycUQ View in LinkedIn

SEASONAL PHENOTYPES. "This is particularly evident in latitudinal migratory species, which respond to photoperiod change with a precise succession of change in the behavior for accurate seasonal timing of their migration and reproduction." http://www.fasebj.org/content/29/10/4248.full View in LinkedIn

NO CORRELATION. "Subsequent studies on different populations or taxa have failed to find similar associations (e.g., no correlation with latitudinal clines in bluethroats, barn swallows, Tachycineta swallows or three-spined stickleback, breeding phenology in great tits or barn swallows, or migratory propensity in blackcaps." https://lnkd.in/dWFycUQ View in LinkedIn

PHOTOPERIODIC TRIGGERS. "In long-lived animals, seasonal recurrence of biologic activities (phenology) like migration, hibernation, reproduction, and molt is achieved by adjusting the period of endogenous clocks to the annual change in the photoperiod. Responding to the environmental photoperiod cycle demands behavioral and physiologic plasticity, as shown by the development of seasonal phenotypes in many vertebrates." https://lnkd.in/eqEQSzy View in LinkedIn

ROLE FOR CLOCK. "Many of these studies uncovered a regulatory role for Clock (e.g., migratory timing in Chinook and Pacific salmon; breeding phenology in blue tits and barn swallows; and migratory propensity in the Junco genus and barn swallows; timing of migration assessed via light-level geolocators." https://lnkd.in/dWFycUQ View in LinkedIn

PHENOTYPIC VARIATION. "Across a range of organisms, related species or even populations of the same species exhibit strikingly different scales and patterns of movement. A significant proportion of the phenotypic variance in migratory traits is genetic, but the genes involved in shaping these phenotypes are still unknown." https://lnkd.in/eCZBnME View in LinkedIn

LIKELY ROLE. "All these shifts in metabolism and feeding behaviour have been described as the characteristics of birds preparing for or performing long-distance migratory flights. Given the multiple pleiotropic functions of PACAP, ADCYAP1 has at least the potential to modify multiple physiological and behavioural changes during the migratory period." http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/02/11/rspb.2010.2567 View in LinkedIn

GENE CLUSTER SPECULATION. "We would expect that phenotypic variation of correlated migratory traits is linked to genetic variation at a single closely linked gene cluster or a few ‘regulatory genes’ with multiple pleiotropic effects." https://lnkd.in/dapscwg View in LinkedIn