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THREE APPROACHES. "Genetic analyses of plant-pollinator interactions can be roughly divided into studies that document candidate genes and quantify pollinator response to manipulation, those that explore genetic pathways and mechanisms of floral traits and studies that seek to understand the evolutionary history of species interactions, such as adaptive radiations of plants and their pollinators." https://lnkd.in/dHD-ddW View in LinkedIn

MOLECULES MORPHING INTO MEMORIES. “Efforts to discover how neurons make memories have long confronted a major roadblock: Neurons are extremely sensitive to any kind of disruption, yet only by probing their innermost workings can scientists view the molecular processes that culminate in memories.” https://lnkd.in/dcQaUQX View in LinkedIn

PHANTOM BRIDE. "The influence of pollinator choice on the evolution of various sensory cues displayed by flowers is well documented." https://lnkd.in/dHD-ddW View in LinkedIn

BIOCHEMISTRY OF BACTERIAL MEMORIES. https://lnkd.in/d-cfkR2 View in LinkedIn

MORE QUESTIONS. "Is the independent emergence of certain floral traits in different lineages (such as in transitions from predominantly bee-pollinated ancestors to principally hummingbird-pollinated flowers) mediated typically by parallel evolution (variation in homologous genes or indeed homologous mutations) or by convergence using different molecular-genetic pathways with similar phenotypic outcome?" https://lnkd.in/dHD-ddW View in LinkedIn

QUESTIONS. "What is the nature of genetic change in plant speciation? What is the relationship between prezygotic reproductive isolation via flower traits and associated pollinator behavior? Did bee pollinators co-evolve and co-diversify with angiosperm flowers, and did butterfly diversity emerge much later? In what ways do floral traits affect rates of plant species diversification, for example traits controlling bilateral floral symmetry and the morphology of nectar spurs?" https://lnkd.in/dHD-ddW View in LinkedIn

BIG PROJECTS. "The 5,000 insect genome project and the 1000 plant transcriptome project may have great potential for the understanding of pollinator-plant evolution. The scale of these projects reflects the orders of magnitude reduction in costs of sequencing, and they include the majority of model and non-model organisms of active interest around the world, including representatives from more than half (over 250) of all angiosperm plant families, and multiple representatives from all (approximately 30) major insect orders." https://lnkd.in/dHD-ddW View in LinkedIn

FLORAL FITNESS LANDSCAPE. "Flowers thus exist in exceedingly complex fitness landscapes, in which a large number of traits might all affect individual success, as well as the dynamics of speciation and plant-pollinator coevolution." https://lnkd.in/dHD-ddW View in LinkedIn