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RNA VARIABILITY. "Alternative splicing is one of the most important mechanisms to generate a large number of mRNA and protein isoforms from the surprisingly low number of human genes. Unlike promoter activity, which primarily regulates the amount of transcripts, alternative splicing changes the structure of transcripts and their encoded proteins." https://lnkd.in/dAwzAzi View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATIVE mRNA SPLICING ANIMATION. https://lnkd.in/deH8aJG View in LinkedIn

VARIABLE RNA MESSAGE. "Changes in cutting and pasting alter the meaning of the document, often quite dramatically. Similarly, alternative splicing of RNA leads to a variety of possible mRNA isoforms and proteins, which can have different, and often opposing, functions." http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/regulation-of-mrna-splicing-by-signal-transduction-14128469 View in LinkedIn

FIXED DNA MESSAGE (NEARLY). "Genomic DNA is like a word-processing document that is "read-only" with no changes possible, whereas the RNA is a transcript of the document that permits, and even requires, cutting and pasting to get to the final version." http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/regulation-of-mrna-splicing-by-signal-transduction-14128469 View in LinkedIn

AMPLIFYING GENES. "Alternative splicing is one major mechanism that makes the most of the precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) transcribed from these few genes by processing the pre-mRNA into a diverse array of mature mRNAs that encode distinct proteins." http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/regulation-of-mrna-splicing-by-signal-transduction-14128469 View in LinkedIn

ABUNDANCE FROM THE FEW. "How can only 25,000–30,000 protein-coding genes in humans produce the massive variety of proteins, cells, and tissues that exist in our bodies?" https://lnkd.in/dbi9XzX View in LinkedIn

VAST PROTEIN DENSITY. "We estimate the expected total number of proteins per unit cell volume as 2–4 million proteins per cubic micron." https://lnkd.in/dnMTPNa View in LinkedIn

ONE MILLION PROTEINS, 21K GENES. "One gene can encode more than one protein (even up to 1,000). The human genome contains about 21,000 protein-encoding genes, but the total number of proteins in human cells is estimated to be between 250,000 to one million." No longer the one gene, one protein dogma. https://lnkd.in/dKXbSw4 View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE deals with the genetic phenomenon called alternative splicing. By this mechanism, organisms can significantly amplify the number of proteins at their disposal, with a relatively small number of genes, thus making these new proteins available for adaptation and new functions. This illustrates how nature has arrived at an ingenious solution to generate, once again, the many from the few. View in LinkedIn