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FIRSTS. “First it was chess. Then it was Jeopardy. Now computers are at it again, but this time they are trying to automate the scientific process itself.” http://news.vanderbilt.edu/2011/10/robot-biologist/ View in LinkedIn

MAJOR DANGERS. “People are going to abuse computer intelligence, blindly maximize for some goal. It’s going to lead to more and more concentration of power among fewer and fewer people. We see this already, it’s going to lead to massive unemployment. And maybe 30 or 40 years on I think there is really an existentialist danger to the species, at the level of nuclear weapons or a meteorite strike.” http://www.pri.org/stories/2014-06-09/scientists-are-starting-worry-about-conscious-machines-movie-transcendence View in LinkedIn

CHEAPER ALTERNATIVE. “Separate sexes have evolved independently many times among plants and animals, which suggests that there must be an evolutionary cost to hermaphroditism, at least in some groups.” http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899 View in LinkedIn

TEMPORAL SEPARATIONS. “Alternatively, male and female function can be separated in time within an individual, as found in many plants (“dichogamy,”) and some animals (“sequential hermaphroditism,”); slipper shells, for example, are born male and become female later in life. Finally, male and female reproductive organs can be segregated into different individuals, as in some plants (such as papaya and cannabis) and most animals.” http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899 View in LinkedIn

PHYSICAL SEPARATIONS. “In some plants and most animals, species are driven to separate the sexes. This can be achieved in several ways. One partial solution is the spatial separation of male and female gonads in the same individual, as in monoecious plants with separate male and female flowers (e.g., maize) and in most hermaphroditic animals.” http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899 View in LinkedIn