21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-16 03:22:13

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IMPACT ON GENES. “Exposure to chronic low levels of light at night alters circadian clock genes in both the SCN and peripheral tissue in mice. Exposure to dim light at night specifically attenuates the rhythm in Per1 and Per2 gene and protein expression in the SCN around the light/dark transition.” (SCN = Suprachiasmatic nucleus). https://lnkd.in/dH6Ha79 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-16 03:21:16

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ARTIFICIAL LIGHT. “In contrast to constant dark or dim light, exposure to continuous bright light produces locomotor activity arrhythmicity and flattens circadian rhythms in glucocorticoids and body temperature, two principle outputs of the circadian system.” https://lnkd.in/dH6Ha79 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-16 03:19:27

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LIGHT PATHWAY. “Light is the most potent synchronizing factor for the SCN. Light information travels directly from intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells through the retinohypothalamic tract to the SCN. The SCN receives additional indirect input from intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells via the intergeniculate nucleus and input from rods and cones.” (SCN = Suprachiasmatic nucleus). https://lnkd.in/dH6Ha79 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-16 03:17:05

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KNOCKOUT RESTORATION. “The implantation of an SCN from wild-type mice into genetically arrhythmic Cry1/Cry2 double knockout mice restores rhythmic locomotor activity. Therefore, peripheral oscillators play only a subordinate role, if any, in establishing rest-activity cycles.” (SCN = Suprachiasmatic nucleus). http://www.smw.ch/content/smw-2014-13984/ View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-17 04:20:01

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CLOCK PATHWAY DEFICIENCIES. “Mice deficient in Bmal1 alter glucose and insulin secretion. Bmal1−/− mice increase concentrations of circulating fatty acids resulting in formation of ectopic fat in the liver and skeletal muscle. When rhythmicity is rescued in Bmal1−/− mice with Bmal2, insulin secretion and activity patterns are restored.” https://lnkd.in/dH6Ha79 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-17 04:18:54

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CLOCK MALFUNCTIONS. “Mice harboring mutations in various components of the circadian clock are susceptible to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Clock mutant mice on a BALB/c and C57BL/6J background are susceptible to diet-induced obesity. Clock mutants display profound changes in circadian rhythmicity as well as disruptions in diurnal food intake and increased body mass.” https://lnkd.in/dH6Ha79 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-17 04:16:58

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CIRCADIAN HORMONES. “Metabolically related hormones such as glucagon, insulin, ghrelin, leptin, and corticosterone oscillate in a circadian manner. There is rhythmic expression of orexigenic signals including neuropeptide Y, galanin, and preopiomelanocortin within the hypothalamus, an area critical for coordinating metabolic signals. Circadian fluctuations in hunger and appetite have also been reported.” https://lnkd.in/dH6Ha79 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-07-19 06:04:23

linkedin post 2020-07-19 06:04:23

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CYBERNETIC CONSIDERATIONS. “Other regulatory units such as “plug-ins” (e.g. signaling pathways) and “on–off switches” linking subcircuits also perform an important role as flexible modular units. On the other hand, effector subcircuits perform cell biology functions such as cell shape changes or proliferation, while differentiation gene batteries comprise the terminal differentiation molecules necessary for the cell to perform its ultimate role in the organism.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160613004119 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-17 04:15:25

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PINEAL MASTER HORMONE. “Melatonin, produced in the pineal body, resynchronizes the SCN by providing information about light/darkness from the retinohypothalamic tract. Melatonin is also essential for regulation of rhythmic functions in peripheral target tissues of the clock.” (SCN = Suprachiasmatic nucleus). https://lnkd.in/dFZDTVU View in LinkedIn
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