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METAMORPHOSIS. “Garcia-Bellido formulated the “selector gene” hypothesis to explain the effects of gene mutations that famously convert one body part into another.” https://lnkd.in/dfCi2dc View in LinkedIn

COMPLEX STITCH WORK. “For example, feed-forward and feedback loops stabilize gene expression programs long after the initial stimulus that initiated them has faded, and histone and DNA marks that regulate chromatin structure also profoundly contribute to gene expression status and potential.” https://lnkd.in/dfCi2dc View in LinkedIn

PRIMARY DRIVERS. “These dynamic changes to the structure of networks during development are reflected in the regulation of gene batteries, sets of genes that define the terminal gene expression program and identity of a cell.” https://lnkd.in/dfCi2dc View in LinkedIn

NON-GENETIC TRIGGERS. “The general or specific state of a GRN can be “remembered,” to the extent of being inherited by daughter cells across cell divisions, referred to as epigenetic memory. Many mechanisms contribute to epigenetic memory.” (GRN = gene regulatory networks). https://lnkd.in/dfCi2dc View in LinkedIn

CONTROL NODES. “Analogous to electrical circuits, deployment or detachment of subcircuits can be regulated by GRN “switches.” Switches could be signal or TF dependent, or may involve specific modifications of chromatin that affect accessibility of TFs to DNA elements.” (TF = transcription factors). (GRN = gene regulatory networks). https://lnkd.in/dfCi2dc View in LinkedIn

COLLABORATIVE CONTROL. “Therefore, in network terms, it is both the internal GRN and the dynamic influences of external signaling that determines regulatory and lineage states.” (GRN = gene regulatory networks). https://lnkd.in/dfCi2dc View in LinkedIn

LAYERS OF CONTROL. “As such, kernel TFs represent network hubs and tampering with them has catastrophic consequences for development. The kernel then engages subcircuits that establish regional regulatory states controlling, for example, cell division, epithelial state, and/or migration.” (TF = transcription factors). https://lnkd.in/dfCi2dc View in LinkedIn

BRANCHING FATES. “Asymmetric cell division—the division of cells into daughters that have different cell fates—also plays a central role in cell fate determination in stem and progenitor cell populations through the asymmetric partitioning of deterministic components, including ancestral “template” DNA strands, to individual daughter cells.” https://lnkd.in/dfCi2dc View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend and ends this weekend on the theme of genetic regulatory networks. These complex regulatory systems are key to the central processes in biology of development and metamorphosis, and have evolved a hierarchical system of switches that control the output of the genome. DNA on its own does nothing, but in concert with regulatory and transcription factors make the orchestra that we call life. View in LinkedIn

COMMUNITY EFFECTS. “In other contexts, the same fate is reinforced among neighboring cells through so-called community effects.” https://lnkd.in/dfCi2dc View in LinkedIn