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NUMEROUS SIGNALS. "Plants have evolved an integrated complex of hormonal systems—a coordinated but non-centralized intelligence system that manages resources and we know that such communication is complex involving a plethora of communicating macro- and micro-molecules and electrical signals." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

PLASTICITY NOT MOTION. "Individual plant species exhibit all of these intelligent behavioral capabilities but do so through phenotypic plasticity, not movement. Plants should therefore be regarded as prototypical intelligent organisms." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

PROBLEM SOLVING. "Biologists suggest that intelligence encompasses the characteristics of detailed sensory perception, information processing, learning, memory, choice, optimisation of resource sequestration with minimal outlay, self-recognition, and foresight by predictive modeling. All these properties are concerned with a capacity for problem solving in recurrent and novel situations." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

RESULTANT PLASTICITY. "The structure of the whole system co‐ordinates the behaviour of the parts and intelligent behaviour in plants, best described as adaptively variable behaviour during the lifetime of the individual, finds expression in phenotypic plasticity." http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/93/4/353.full View in LinkedIn