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ACUTE REACTIONS. "Various local irritations (e.g., high temperature, cooling, crush, prick, and touch) can induce the generation and propagation of ESs in plants." (ESs = electrical signals). https://lnkd.in/dagC6fe View in LinkedIn

MECHANICAL STIMULI. “The ability to sense and respond to a wide variety of mechanical stimuli—gravity, touch, osmotic pressure, or the resistance of the cell wall—is a critical feature of every plant cell, whether or not it is specialized for mechanotransduction.” https://lnkd.in/dazh-wp View in LinkedIn

PLANT ACTION POTENTIALS. "The majority of cells in different plant species are electrically active and excitable, being able to release and propagate action potentials (APs). These electrical signals even influence principal physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration." https://lnkd.in/eVTKbBi View in LinkedIn

"ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA in single plant cells are to a great extent very similar to those occurring in animal cells. All plant cells actively maintain an electrical cell membrane potential difference of −30 to −250 mV between the vacuole or cytosol and the external medium." https://lnkd.in/eVTKbBi View in LinkedIn

EVIDENCE-BASED. "The fact that plants are electrically excitable and able to generate and propagate electrical signals is well documented." https://lnkd.in/dZXtCFD View in LinkedIn

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"PLANT NEUROBIOLOGY is a newly developed discipline in plant physiology, aimed at establishing the structure of information networks within the plant in order to understand how plants respond to environmental stimuli by means of electrochemical signals." Provocative naming of this new field may have been self-destructive. https://lnkd.in/dUMF8_P View in LinkedIn

ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY in plants. Once just a woo-woo urban myth from tree-huggers; today a new academic discipline with good science. It is now clear from numerous perspectives that plants are remarkably complex, sentient and clever creatures. View in LinkedIn

LARGELY UNKNOWN. "The specific sensory mechanisms available in plants for detecting sound are still unclear. No scientific studies that I am aware of have been conducted on the potential acoustic communicative abilities of plants." http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/4/789.full View in LinkedIn