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SO ENDS this first of two weekends on the monumental changes involved in the return of early whales to the sea. The extent of the anatomic, physiological, genetic and biochemical changes in this reversal is breathtaking. It was colossal enough to transition from breathing water to breathing air, and all that went with it, but the return journey back to the sea followed a different path than simply reversing the one followed for escaping the sea. View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR CLOCKS. “Circadian rhythms of transcription likely arise from interaction of oscillator components or downstream factors with circadian-regulated and phase-specific cis elements across the genome. There may also be genome-wide circadian regulation of mRNA splicing. Post-translational processes including phosphorylation and poly ADP ribosylation, and also redox, Ca2+ and metabolite signaling participate in circadian regulation in Arabidopsis.” https://lnkd.in/dAX4kdh View in LinkedIn

VARIOUS CLOCK MECHANISMS. “A variety of mechanisms communicate an estimate of time from the circadian oscillator to circadian-regulated cellular processes.” https://lnkd.in/dAX4kdh View in LinkedIn

IMPORTANCE OF CLOCKS. “Approximately one-third of Arabidopsis transcripts are circadian-regulated.” https://lnkd.in/dAX4kdh View in LinkedIn

GENE OSCILLATORS. “Higher plant circadian rhythms arise from a gene network termed the circadian oscillator. This incorporates autoregulatory and interlocked transcription-translation feedback loops. The nature and interconnectivity of the network produces under constant environmental conditions 24 h cycles of transcription of genes encoding oscillator components.” https://lnkd.in/dAX4kdh View in LinkedIn

MAJOR REGULATOR. “In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, biomass accumulation, photosynthesis, seed number and seed viability are increased by correct circadian regulation.” https://lnkd.in/dUkZXhu View in LinkedIn

CIRCADIAN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. “A number of recent studies have demonstrated that the circadian clock is integrated very closely with photosynthesis and its metabolic products. We consider the coupling of the circadian oscillator with carbohydrate biochemistry and the connections between the nuclear-encoded circadian clock and processes within chloroplasts.” https://lnkd.in/dwMRFri View in LinkedIn

REPROGRAMMING THE HOST PLANT. "In addition to antibiotic compounds, microbes produce secondary metabolites to alter plant signalling and metabolism in order to receive nutrients. This microbial reprogramming of the plant can alter the composition of root exudates and induce the release of more favourable exudates, which may lead to a selective enrichment of respective microbes in the rhizosphere." https://lnkd.in/dtvNBQb View in LinkedIn