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SOME MOLECULAR MECHANISMS. "Interestingly, the physiological and cellular mechanisms of leaf movements associated with fast responses to environmental stimuli in plants like Mimosa have been known for some time, revealing that these plants employ sensory and motor pathways with the direct involvement of voltage-gated ion channels, neurotransmitters and changes in protein synthesis, all of which may also be utilized during the learning process." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

MECHANISM INCOGNITO. "In this study, we have demonstrated the acquisition and expression of a long-lasting memory for a learned behaviour in this plant, but we have left unanswered the fundamental question of the mechanisms underlying this deceptively simple form of learning, the biological basis of which we still do not fully understand in any organism." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

PAST PERSISTENCE. "Mimosa can acquire an enduring memory of a past event, whereby the plant recognizes and generalizes the learned stimulus even when the context in which the memory was generated has changed. In other words, Mimosa’s proficiency in responding appropriately to a known stimulus within a new context does not require brand-new learning but the capacity to ‘remember’ (i.e. recognize that a present cue has been previously encountered) and adjust slightly." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

MIMOSA DURABLE MEMORY. "Gagliano reported that she retested her plants after a week and found that they continued to disregard the drop stimulus, indicating that they “remembered” what they had learned. Even after twenty-eight days, the lesson had not been forgotten. In similar experiments with bees, the insects forgot what they had learned after just forty-eight hours." https://lnkd.in/dvFaNgd View in LinkedIn

Famous mediaeval English alabaster: Resurrection of Christ, panel from an altarpiece set, 1450–90, with remains of the paint https://lnkd.in/dk9dSm3 View in LinkedIn

Strange stone mound near Girona cathedral: no marker or explanation; was it a burial site, or what explanation exists? View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC STRESSORS. "Changes in chromatin methylation patterns are strongly produced following environmental stress and retained as a source of ‘stress memory’ [e.g. vernalization, whereby the flowering of plants requires priming by previous exposure to chilling.” https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETICS AND BEHAVIOR. "In principle, behavioral responses can be modified or refined through the integration of environmental experiences (i.e. learning) via changes in chromatin status [modulated by acetylation and methylation of DNA and histone proteins. In fact, it is well documented that epigenetic variations can be induced by external stimuli." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC MEMORIES. "Additionally at the molecular level, the role of epigenetic reprogramming has been increasingly identified as a promising candidate mechanism for learning and memory storage in plants and more generally, across all taxa." https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn

NEURONS OR MERISTEMS. "The Ca2+/CaM signalling system controls the expression of genes whether their transcription occurs in the neurons of a big-brained animal or in the root apex cells of a plant." (CaM = Calmodulin). https://lnkd.in/dH68RKn View in LinkedIn