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ADVANTAGEOUS SYSTEM. “It is thought to be these differences in the frequency of outcrossing and inbreeding that provided the evolutionary pressure for transitions between bipolar and tetrapolar mating systems.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

FUNGAL ADVANTAGE. “Because any given progeny is only interfertile with 25 % of its siblings (A1B2 can mate with A2B1 but not with A1B1 or A2B2), the tetrapolar configuration not only promotes outcrossing but also leads to inbreeding depression.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

FUNGAL DIVERSE PROGENY. “On the other hand, from any given cross, say A1B1 by A2B2, because two MAT loci segregate independently four different types of progeny are produced (A1B1, A2B2, A1B2, and A2B1) and these systems are therefore called tetrapolar mating systems.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

FUNGI AVOID INBREEDING. “Because there are thousands of different mating types, most encounters between isolates in nature will be fertile, and this drives the frequency of outbreeding to >99 %.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

SPECIFICS OF SOME EXOTIC FUNGI. “In many species, both loci are multiallelic, and as a result there are many different mating types. Both loci must differ for productive mating and thus an isolate of A1B1 mating type can mate with an isolate of A2B2 mating type, but not with isolates that are A1B2 or A2B1.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

EXOTIC FUNGI. “In these species there are two loci that lie unlinked on different chromosomes that specify mating type. These are called the A and B MAT loci, and one encodes the homeodomain factors, and the other encodes pheromones and pheromone receptors (which locus encodes which genes depends on the species, because these loci were named historically as they were discovered genetically long before their molecular basis was elucidated).” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

HUGE BELL CURVE. “But other fungi have much more exotic sex lives, and have a more complex mating-type determining system in which there are literally thousands and thousands and thousands of different mating types.” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

Stonemason’s marks are all over Girona stone. View in LinkedIn

FUNGI POSTER CHILD. “The paradigmatic example is S. cerevisiae in which a relatively small region of the genome, less than a thousand base pairs, expresses in the alternate mating types one or two key cell fate determinants, all of which are transcription factors responsible for orchestrating both haploid cell type specificity (a or α) and the diploid zygote fate (a/α).” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn

LARGE KINGDOM. “There are an estimated 5 million species of fungi, and maybe more, much remains to be learned about their sexual nature. Many fungi are currently classified as asexual, and yet many fungi long thought to be asexual have been subsequently found to be sexual, or in some cases at least parasexual (i.e. C. albicans).” https://lnkd.in/dn4azG7 View in LinkedIn